重点中学英语语法讲义-名词性从句

八、关系型 what引导名词性从句的五种用法

1. 表示“…的东西或事情等”：

We’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。

He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。

What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。

2. 表示“…的人或的样子等”：

He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。

He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。

Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？

3. 表示“…的数量或数目等”：

Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。

The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。

4. 表示“…的时间”：

After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。

The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。

5. 表示“…的地方”：

This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。

In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。

注：(1) 这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：

你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。

正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like.

误：You can have everything what you like.(www.hxen.net)

(2) 有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词：

I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他他。

He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。

(3) What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词：

误：I gave him what book I had.

(4) What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。注意区别：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：

I spent what time I had with her. 我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。

I spent what little time I had with her. 我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的。

九、whatever, whoever, whichever引导名词性从句

1. whatever引导的名词性从句

Whatever的意思是“所…的一切事或东西”，可视为what的强调说法，它在含义大致相当于anything that，whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语：

Whatever he did was right. 无论他做什么都是对的。

I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。

Goats eats whatever (food) they can find. 山羊找到什么(食物)就吃什么(食物)。

He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。

I will just say whatever comes into my mind.  我想到什么就说什么。

2. whoever引导的名词性从句

Whoever的意思“任何…的人”，在意义上大致相当于 anybody who。whoever在从句中可用作主语或宾语：

I’ll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。

She can marry whoever she chooses. 她愿意嫁谁就嫁谁。

Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。

Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. 违反本法者应予以罚款。

I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 请想要这票，我就把它给谁。