重点中学英语语法讲义-动名词
(3) 发生在谓语动作之前:
Suddenly everybody stopped talking. 突然大家都停止谈话了。
I remember mailing the letter. 我记得寄了那封信。
After reading your letter I knew what had happened. 看了你的信后我就知道出什么事了。
注:动名词所表示的动作发生谓语动作之前,通常也与相关动词或介词等的含义有关。如动词forget(忘记),regret(后悔),remember(记住),stop(停止),finish(完成),admit(承认)等,它们后接动名词作宾语时,动名词所表示的动作通常都发生在谓动作之前。
(4) 没有明确的先后关系:
Teaching is learning. 教学相长。
The film is worth seeing a second time. 这部电影值得再看一次。
Learning a foreign language is not easy. 学会一门外语是不容易的。
2. 动名词完成式的用法
动名词完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作或状态:
He apologized for having broken his promise. 他因没遵守诺言表示道歉。
He forgot having promised to write her. 他忘了曾答应给她写信。
I have no idea of their having done such a thing. 我不知道他们做过那样的事。
注:动名词的一般式和完成式都可表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作,有时两者可互换(用一般式往往显得更简洁):
I remember seeing [having seen] her somewhere. 我记得在什么地方见过她。
Excuse me for not answering [having answered] your letter earlier. 请原谅我没有早点给你回信。
有些不强调动作先后关系或句子本身已表明了先后关系的场合,通常用动名词的一般式:
Thank you for telling me the news. 谢谢你告诉我这消息。
He has worked hard since leaving school. 自从离开学校以来他工作一直很努力。
3. 动名词被动式的用法
当动名词的逻辑主语与动名词为被动关系时,动名词则要用被动式:
He didn’t mind being left at home. 把他留在家里他并不介意。
It felt funny being called Grandmother. 被人叫作祖母感到怪怪的。
This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远没解决。
注:(1) 在表示“需要”的动词need, want, require后接动名词时,习惯上要用主动式表示被动意义(但若用不定式,则用被动式表示被动意义):
The outside of the house needs painting [to be painted] . 这房子外面需要油漆了。
The machine requires repairing [to be repaired]. 这机器需要修理了。
(2) 在be worth后接动名词时也要用主动式表示被动意义:
This might be worth thinking about. 这可能值得考虑。
The clock is hardly worth repairing. 这台钟简直不值得修理。
4. 动名词的被动式
动名词的否定式是将否定词not置于动名词之前。若动名词为完成式或被动式,否定词not应置于整个结构之前:
Don’t be angry with me for not having written. 我没给你写信请别生我的气。
He said he so much regretted not being able to swim. 他说他对不会游泳感到非常遗憾。
注:若动名词带有逻辑主语,则否定词应置于逻辑主语之后:
I’m surprised at your not having noticed. 你竟未注意到我感到吃惊。
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。
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