重点中学英语语法讲义-动名词
四、习惯上只接动名词作宾语的动词
习惯上只接动名词作宾语的动词有:
admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允许 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免
consider 考虑 delay 推迟 deny 否认 discuss 讨论 dislike 不喜欢
enjoy 喜爱 escape 逃脱 excuse 原谅 fancy 设想 finish 完成
forbid 禁止 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃 imagine 想像 keep 保持
mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 没赶上 pardon 原谅 permit 允许
practise 练习 prevent 阻止 prohibit 禁止 put off 推迟 report 报告
risk 冒险 stop 停止 suggest 建议(www.hxen.net)
I advise waiting a few more days. 我建议再等几天。
I admit breaking the window. 我承认窗子是我打破的。
Try to imagine being on the moon. 设法想像你是在月球上。
He tried to escape being punished. 他没设法逃避惩罚。
You shouldn’t keep thinking about it. 你不应老想着这事。
Would you mind going with her? 你可否同她一起去?
I can’t understand neglecting children like that. 对孩子那样毫不经心,我不能理解。
We only missed seeing each other by five minutes. 我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。
注:(1) 有的动词后接动名词作宾语时通常带有逻辑主语:
The rain prevented his coming. 下雨使他不能来。
Excuse my opening your letter by mistake. 原谅我不慎把你的信拆开。
(2) 有的动词(如advise, allow, forbid, permit等)后虽然不能直接跟不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补足语:
He advised buying a computer. 他建议买台电脑。
He advised her to buy a computer. 他建议她买台电脑。
(3) 有些动词(如consider, understand, discuss等)虽不接不定式作宾语,却可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语:
Have you considered how to get there? 你是否考虑过如何到那儿去?
She doesn’t understand how to look after him. 她不知道应如何照顾他。
We discussed what to do and where we should go. 我们讨论了该怎么办及到哪里去。
五、既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语的动词
1. 可接不定式和动名词且含义相同
这类动词主要有like(喜欢),love(喜欢),hate(憎恨),prefer(宁可),begin(开始),start(开始),continue(继续),can’t bear(不能忍受),bother(麻烦),intend(想要),attempt(试图),cease(停止)等:
He likes to sing [singing]. 他喜欢唱歌。
It has started to rain [raining]. 开始下雨了。
You needn’t bother to come up [coming up]. 你不必费心来了。
The baby continued to cry [crying] all night. 这孩子哭了一整夜。
注: (1) 当 like, love, hate, prefer 与 would, should 连用时,其后只能接不定式:
I’d like to tell you something. 我想告诉你一些情况。
I’d hate to spend Christmas alone. 我不喜欢一个人过圣诞节。
(2) 当 begin, start 本身为进行时态或后接 know, realize, understand 等静态动词时,其后的动词只能用不定式:
He was beginning to cook. 他开始做饭。
He started to realize that he was wrong. 他开始意识到自己错了。
2. 可接不定式和动名词但含义不同
主要有以下情况:
(1) remember(记得),forget(忘记),regret(后悔)后接不定式指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生,后接动名词(有时可用完成式),则指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。比较:
Remember to post the letter. 记住把这封信寄了。(“寄信”未发生)
I remember posting the letter. 我记得寄了那封信。(“寄信”已发生)
He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘记要给我付钱了。(“付钱”未发生)
He forgot paying me the money. 他忘记曾给我付过钱。(“付钱”发生了)
(2) try 后接不定式表示设法做某事,接动名词表示做某事试试(看有什么效果):
I’ll try to come tomorrow. 我明天设法来(www.hxen.net)。
Let’s try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试。
(3) mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事,接动名词表示意味着(要)做某事:
He means to be a teacher. 他打算当老师。
He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你。
This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。
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