重点中学英语语法讲义-动名词

 

 

(4) stop 后接动名词表示停止做某事，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事：

He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止讲话，房里一点声音也没有了。

He stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他停下来听，但再也没有听到什么声音。

注：后接不定式时，不定式不是宾语，而是目的状语。

(5) can’t help后接动名词表示禁不住去做某事，接不定式表示不能帮助做某事：

He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。

The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。

(6) go on 后接不定式表示做完某事后接着做另一事，接动名词表示继续做正在做的事：

You oughtn’t to go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下去了。

Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后, 请接着做其他的练习。

注：也人认为go on doing sth中的doing是现在分词而不是动名词。

3. 三个表“需要”的动词

在 need, want, require这三个表示“需要”的动词后，接不定式和动名词均可，且含义也相同，但是语态不同：接动名词时用主动式表示被动含义，接不定式时则要用被动式表示被动含义：

My coat needs mending [to be cleaned]. 我的外套需要缝补一下。

Your coat wants brushing [to be brushed]. 你的大衣需要刷一刷。

六、动名词的逻辑主语

1. 基本原则

动名词的逻辑主语原则上是在动名词前用物主代词或名词所有格：

His coming late made the teacher angry. 他迟到使老师生气了。

Would you mind my opening the door? 劳驾你打开窗户好吗？

Please excuse my interrupting you. 请原谅我打断你的话。

2. 几个注意点

(1) 口语中通常用宾格代词或名词普通格用于动名词作逻辑主语：

We’re all looking forward to your [you] coming. 我们都盼望你来。

Can you imagine Peter [Peter’s] saying such a thing? 你能想像他说出这样的话吗？

(2) 当位于句首时，通常要用名词所有格或物主代词作动名词的逻辑主语：

Mary’s going there is of no help. 玛丽去那儿没什么帮助。

注：即使用于句首的作主语的动名词移至句末而在句首使用形式主语it，其逻辑主语也通常用物主代词：

It’s a waste of time your talking to him. 你和他谈是浪费时间。

It’s doesn’t make much difference my being there. 我在不在那儿没有什么影响。

(3) 当动名词的逻辑主语是没有生命的东西时，通常不用物主代词或名词所有格：

I look forward to it getting warmer in spring. 我盼望春天天气变暖。

七、重点考点原创精练

1. Please excuse me ______ your letter by mistake.

A. to open                 B. to have opened      C. for opening           D. in opening

2. Certainly I posted your letter — I remember _______ it.

A. posting                 B. to post                  C. to be posting         D. have posted

3. They must be at home — there’s a light _______ in the bedroom.

A. to shine                B. to be shining         C. shining                 D. having shined

4. If the car won’t start, ______ it.(www.hxen.net)

A. try push                B. try pushing           C. to try pushing        D. to try to push

5. Mr Smith dislikes ______ such clothes but his wife likes _____ them.

A. to wear, to wear    B. to wear, wearing

C. wearing, to wear    D. wearing, wear   

6. _____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

A. Walk                    B. Walking               C. The walk              D. To walk 

7. When you’re learning to drive, _____ a good teacher makes a big difference.

A. have                     B. having                  C. and have               D. and having  

8. _____ this report _____ in such a short time was quite a difficult exercise.

A. Getting, done        B. Get, done              C. To get, to do         D. Getting, to do 

9. I regret _______what I said. I shouldn’t have said it.

A. to say                   B. saying                  C. to be saying          D. said     

10. I shall never forget _______ the Alps for the first time. It was really beautiful.

A. to see                   B. seeing                   C. saw                      D. being seeing 

11. In the whole interview, he tried to avoid _______ their questions.

A. to answer              B. answering             C. to have answered   D. having answered 

12. He was lucky and narrowly missed _______.

A. to injure               B. injuring                C. to be injured         D. being injured 

13. I understand _______ to discuss the matter.

A. your not wanting   B. not your wanting

C. you not to want     D. you to not want            

14. Don’t be late. No one would like ________.

A. to be kept waiting  B. being kept waiting

C. to be kept to wait   D. being kept to wait    

15. He can’t make himself _______. His spoken English really needs ________.

A. understand, improving                           B. understood, improving

C. understand, to improve                          D. understood, to improve     

 

参考答案：

01—05 CACBC  06—10 DBABB  11—15 BDAAB