名师详解语法易错题（10）

名师详解语法易错题（10）

成分插入类错误

有时一个本来很简单的句子，由于表达的需要，在其中置入一个插入成分，或将某些成分从正常位置调入一个在同学们看来属“非正常”的位置(如宾语从句前置等)，则很有可能给同学们的理解带来困难（尤其是阅读能力不是很好的同学会更感困难）。假若命题人就此命题，那就更麻烦了。请看以下几个实例：

◇He told me the news, believe it or not, _________ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.

A. that                      B. which                   C. as                        D. because

你知道句中的 believe it or not 是什么成分吗？你认为此题应填 which 吗？换句话说，填空句是一个非限制性定语从句吗？如果你正是这样认为的，那你就大错特错了。

◇She promised _________ he had enough money she would marry him.

A. that                      B. if                         C. that if                   D. if that

【分析】此题答案应选A还是B？另外，that 与 if 可以重迭吗？若可以，是 that if 还是 if that？其中的 that 可以省略吗？

◇“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _________ to go to university.” “So do I”.

A. hope                    B. hopes                   C. hoping                  D. hoped

空白处是谓语还是非谓语？该填 hope(s) 还是 hoping? 其中的 working hard at his or her lessons 在句中起什么作用？

你若想知道以上问题的答案，或想知道其他相关更多问题的答案，请继续往下读。

1. Don’t you know, my dear friend, _________ it is you that she loves?

A. who                     B. which                   C. that                     D. what

【分析】此题容易误选 A或B，选 A 者认为这是指人的，故用 who；选B者认为这是非限制性定语从句，两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词)，其实此题应选C，它引导的是一个宾语从句，只是被其中的插入语 my dear friend 隔开罢了。其实此句也可说成 My dear friend, don’t you know that it is you that she loves? 又如：

I think, though I could be mistaken, _________ he liked me.

A. who                     B. which                   C. that                      D. what

答案选 C，句子可改写为 I think that he liked me, though I could be mistaken. 即 that he liked me 是动词 think 之宾语从句。

2. He told me the news, believe it or not, _________ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.

A. that                     B. which                   C. as                        D. because

【分析】此题容易误选 B，误认为这是非限制性定语从句。其实此题应选 A，that 引导的是一个用以修饰名词 the news 的同位语从句。不少同学之所以误选B，正是 believe it or not（信不信由你）这个插入成分惹的祸。

3. John plays football _________, if not better than, David.

A. as well                 B. as well as             C. so well                 D. so well as

此句的正常结构是这样的：John plays football as well as David, if he doesn’t play football better than David. 由于命题者将其后的状语从句移至句中，且将其省略成 if not better than，不少学生(尤其是一些阅读能力较差的学生)对这个句子的分析感到无从下手，从而导致误选。此题正确答案应为 B。

【分析】此题应选B。容易误选A。这是一个省略句, 其中的  if not better than＝if he doesn't play football  better than。全句意为：吉姆踢足球如果不是比迈克踢得更好, 至少也是一样好。请做以下类似试题 (答案均选D)：

(1) Her pronunciation is _________, if not better than, her teacher's.

A. as well                 B. as well as              C. as good                D. as good as

(2) This bridge is _________, if not stronger than, that one.

A. so strong              B. as strong              C. so strong as          D. as strong as

(3) He has been to Paris_________, if not more than, ten times.

A. so much               B. so many               C. so much               D. as many as