名师详解语法易错题（11）

名师详解语法易错题（11）

句式倒装类错误 

英语句子通常以“主语—谓语—宾语”这样的顺序排列，这种语序称为自然语序。但有时由于修饰等方面的需要，将谓语、宾语或其他成分置于主语之前，从而构成倒装语序。英语的倒装语序又分部分倒装和完全倒装两类。从理论上说，倒装并不复杂，也不难，但问题是有时命题人巧妙在将倒装与其他知识结合起来进行考查，即命题不是直接考查倒装，而是借倒装这种形式，以此为掩护考查其他知识点。下面请看几个实例：

◇Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, _________ lives his uncle.

A. which                  B. who                     C. where                  D. that

许多同学一看空格后面的谓语动词 lives，便断定空格处一定要填一个能用作主语的词，很显然这个词应是 who，因为只有 who 与 lives 搭配才是合乎情理的，从而将锁定为选项B。你是这样分析的吗？对不起，错了！

◇_________ when one loses freedom does one know its value.

A. Just                     B. Only                     C. Even                    D. Ever

你若一看此题就认为这是考查 just, only, even, ever 四个的用法区别，从而去找一本同义词词典和用法词典，来查查它们的异同，你很可能就要步入陷阱了。做对此题的关键要注意到句中的 …does one know its value 这一倒装形式，你知道为什么注意此倒装是关键吗？

◇_________ he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.

A. When                   B. If                         C. Had                      D. Has

【分析】此题也与倒装有关，你知道它是属于什么类型的倒装吗？你知道它是为什么要倒装的吗？

本节搜集了部分典型的与倒装有关的陷阱题，供同学们练习之用。

1. Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, _________ lives his uncle.

A. which                  B. who                     C. where                  D. that

许多同学一看到空格后的谓语动词lives，就以为空格处一定要填一个作主语的词，从而误选B或D。其实，此题的最佳答案应是C，where lives his uncle 为倒装词序，此句可改为 and there lives his uncle 或 and his uncle lives there。

2. Mr Smith has bought a little house in the country, around _________ some green trees.

A. which is               B. it is                      C. which are            D. them are

【分析】此题容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。其实，此题的最佳答案为C，around which are some green trees 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 some green trees，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用are，而不是 is。请看类例(www.hxen.net)：

Among these people was a foreigner from Europe. 他们当中有一个来自欧洲的老外。(句子主语是 a foreigner，among these people 是表语，所以谓语动词用单数 was)

On the top of the tree were some birds. 树顶上有一些鸟。(句子主语为 some birds，on the top of the tree 是表语，所以谓语动词用复数 were)

The police found a large box under his bed, in which were some sex books. 警察在他的床底下找到一只大箱子，里面装的是一些黄色书籍。(in which were some sex books 为非限制性定语从句，在该从句中，in which 是表语，some sex books 是主语，所以谓语动词用复数were)

3. Good luck to you, and _________ all your wishes come true!

A. can                      B. may                     C. must                   D. should

答案选B，may 置于句首可表示祝愿，又如：

May you succeed. 祝你成功。

May God bless you. 愿上帝保佑你。

May you have a very happy married life. 祝你的婚姻生活幸福美满。