名师详解语法易错题（11）

7. Not _________ recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like.

A. since                   B. when                   C. until                    D. in

【分析】此题答案选C，属 not … until… 句式的一种变体，即将 not until…置于句首，其后用倒装形式。又如：

Not until yesterday did he begin his work. 直到昨天他才开始他的工作。

Not until he came back did he realize how serious the matter is. 直到他回来，他才意识到问题有多严重。

8. Hard _________ he studies, he cannot pass the examination.

A. when                   B. how                     C. as                        D. while

答案选C，属英语的让步倒装结构，其基本句式为“名词(不带冠词)、形容词、副词、动词等+as+主语+动词”。又如：

Child as he is, he did it very well. 他虽是个孩子，但已干得很不错了。

Young as he is, he knows a lot. 他虽年轻，但懂得很多。

Try as he would, he couldn’t do it well. 虽然尽了很大努力，但仍未把它做好。

注：以上各例中的 as 也可换成 though，但不能换为 although。如：

Child though he is, he did it very well. 他虽是个孩子，但已干得很不错了。

9. _________ he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.

A. When                  B. If                         C. Had                     D. Has

答案应选C，但容易误选B。不能选B，主要是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would have succeeded，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had followed，所以，如果选B，句子应该是 if he had followed my advice。但按英语语法，在此类表示虚拟条件的从句中，若有 had, should, were 等词，便可省略 if，而将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：

If he were my friend, I would ask him to lend me some money.= Were he my friend, I would ask him to lend me some money. 假若他是我的朋友，我就会向他借些钱。

If it should rain tomorrow, I should stay indoors.= Should it rain tomorrow, I should stay indoors. 如果明天下雨，我就呆在室内。

If he had asked me, I would have told him. = Had he asked me, I would have told him. 要是他问过我，我就会告诉他了。

10. Then _________ a new development that had far-reaching effects.

A. come                   B. coming                C. came                   D. had come

答案选C，句子为时间副词 then 置于句首的倒装句，came 为句子谓语。注：这类倒装句的谓语通常是 go, come, follow, exist, remain 等不及物动词。又如：

Then followed a great noise. 接着传来一阵巨响。

Then came the day of his examination. 接着就是他参加考试的日子。

11. This is your work. In _________ case are you to leave your post.

A. any                      B. this                      C. which                  D. no

答案选D，注意 in no case 后用了倒装语序 are you to leave your post。按英语习惯，具有否定意义的词置于句首时，句子用倒装句式。又如(www.hxen.net)：

(1) _________ did he know the police were after him.

A. So                       B. Even                    C. Little                    D. How

(2) At _________ time should you place your personal interest first.

A. that                      B. one                      C. no                        D. what

(3) In _________ way can we allow this to continue.

A. this                      B. either                    C. no                        D. a

(4) By _________ means should we do our work like that.

A. every                   B. all                        C. no                        D. those

(5) _________ only did I know her, but I was her best friend.

A. If                         B. Even                    C. Not                      D. Too

以上各题答案均选C，注意句子所用的倒装语序，说明句首使用了表示否定意义的词。注意以下例外：

(1) No wonder he didn’t want to go. 难怪他不想去。

(2) No doubt we will win in the end. 最后肯定是我们赢。

(3) In no time he came up to help. 他马上跑过来帮忙。

上面句(1) no wonder(难怪)置于句首，其后并未用倒装语序，原因有二：一是 no wonder 虽然含否定词，但并不含否定意义；二是 no wonder 其实是一种省略表达，它的完整形式为 it is no wonder that…，如上句可补充为It’s no wonder that he didn’t want to go.  句(2)和句(3) 的no doubt(肯定地，无疑地) 和in no time(立即，马上)置于句首，其后未用倒装语序，也是因为虽然它们含有否定词 no，但并不表示否定意义。