名师详解语法易错题（09）

3. If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If _________, _________.

A. not, not               B. no, no                  C. not, no                D. no, not

【分析】此题应选A。If not, not. 为 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go. 全句意为“如果天气好, 我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去”。该句的特点是：后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同, 只是前句为肯定，后句为否定，为了简洁起见, 于是将后句与前句相同部分省略，只保留否定词 not。又如：

If it is cheap, I’ll buy it. If not, not. 如果这东西便宜，我就买；如果不便宜，我就不买。

If you study hard, you’ll succeed. If not, not. 你若努力，你就会成功；你若不努力，你就不会成功。

If you start at once, you’ll catch the train. If not, not. 你若马上动身，你就会赶上火车；你若不马上动身，你就赶不上火车了。

请再看以下例子(只保留否定词not)。如：

“Can you repair it yourself?” “I am afraid not.” “你自己会修吗?”“恐怕不行。”(=I am afraid I can't repair it myself.)

“Did you know anything about it?” “Not until you told me.” “这事你以前知道吗?”“你告诉我才知道。”(=I didn't know anything about it until you told me.)

“Will it rain today?” “I hope not.” “今天会下雨吗?”“希望不会。”(=I hope it will not rain today.)

4. “She’s not a dancing teacher, is she?” “_________.”

A. Yes, and she isn’t                               B. Yes, but she was

C. No, but she isn’t  D. No, but she was

【分析】此题最佳答案为D，可视为 No, she isn’t. But she was a dancing teacher. 之省略，即其意为“她现在不是舞蹈教师，但她过去是”。此题也可以是 No, but she used to be.

5. She’s too thin. She _________ gain some weight but she _________ too little.

A. would, ate            B. will, eats              C. would, eats          D. will, ate

【分析】此题有些难度，许多同学不知如何分析。我们先根据题目所提供的选项将句意大致勾出来：她太瘦了。她会增加体重的，但她吃得太少了。根据句首 She’s too thin 这一所给信息可知，“她瘦”应是客观事实。按照一般的常识，“吃得少”就会引致“瘦”，“吃得多”就会导致“胖”，由于根据句首的信息，“她瘦”是客观事实，所以她“吃得少”也应是事实，所以第二空应填 eats(即用一般现在时表示客观事实)。根据上面的分析：“她瘦”和“她吃得少”均为客观事实，那么“她体重会增加”就应是假设(注意句中的转折连词 but)，所以第一空应填 would，其实，此句可理解其后省略了一个条件状语 if she ate more (如果她多吃一点的话)。此题最佳答案选C。

6. “I like you more than her, my dear.” “You mean more than _________love her or more than she loves _________?”

A. you, me               B. she, you               C. I, me                   D. I, you

做对此题的关键是要弄清填空句是个省略句，补充完整为 You mean that you love me more than you love her or that you love me more than she loves me? 句意为“你是说你爱我胜过你爱她，还是说你爱我胜过她爱我？”，所以答案应选A。

7. “Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?” “I _________, but I had an unexpected visitor.”

A. had                      B. would                   C. was going to        D. did

【分析】此题应选C，为 I was going to come 之省略，意为“我本来是打算来的”，这与其后 but I had an unexpected visitor 的语境刚好吻合。注意不能选 would，因为它没有“打算”之意。