名师详解语法易错题（09）

8. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _________ to.

A. spoken                B. speaking              C. speak                  D. be spoken

【分析】此题容易误B，认为until 是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式。其实，此题应选A，until spoken to 为 until he is spoken to 之省略。句意为“他是个沉默寡言的人，别人不同他说话，他很少同别人说话”。按英语习惯，一些表示时间、地点、条件、方式、 让步等的状语从句，若其主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包含动词be, 那么可将从句的主语和动词be省略：

You must study hard while (you are) young, or you will regret when (you are) old. 趁年轻时要努力学习，不然到老了你会后悔的。

I won't go unless (I am) invited. 我不会去, 除非请我。

Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the streets. 过马路时要注意汽车。

While (I was) waiting I was reading some old magazines. 等的时候我在看一些旧杂志。

He worked very hard though (he was) still rather poor in health. 尽管身体还不好，但他仍努力工作。

He will work hard wherever (he is) sent by the Party. 无论党把他派往哪里,他都会努力工作。

请再看两道试题：

(1) If carefully _________, the experiment will be successful.

A. do                        B. does                     C. done                    D. doing

答案选C，可视为 if it is carefully done 之省略。

(2) The research is so designed that once _________ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins                  B. having begun         C. beginning              D. begun

答案选D，可视为 once it is begun 之省略。

9. In that month, he earned as much as, if _________ than, $40 000.

A. no more              B. not more             C. no much              D. not much

【分析】此题最佳答案为B。if not more than 为 if he didn’t earn more than $40000 之省略。请看类似试题（答案均选B）：

1. Her pronunciation is as good as, if _________ than, her teacher's.

A. no better               B. not better              C. no good                D. not good

2. This church is as old as, if _________ than, that one.

A. no older                B. not older               C. no old                  D. not old

3. He has read the book as many as, if_________ than, five times.

A. no more               B. not more               C. no much               D. not much

10. In some western countries, the rich are becoming richer, and _________.

A. the poor the poor  B. poor poor          C. the poor poorer  D. poorer the poor

【分析】此题应选C。句子后半部分为…and the poor are becoming poorer 之省略。句意为“在有 些西方国家，富人变得更富，而穷人则变得更穷”。句中的 the rich 指“富人”，the poor 指“穷人”。按英语习惯，若前后两句谓语动词相同，则后句通常可承前省略。又如：

He is a teacher and his wife a nurse. 他是老师，他妻子是护士。(...his wife a nurse=...his wife is a nurse)

John won the first race and Mick the second. 约翰赢了第一场比赛,米克赢了第二场比赛。(... and Mick the second = ...and Mick won the second race)

In the accident the son was wounded, but the mother killed. 在事故中，儿子受伤，母亲丧命。(...but the mother killed=...but the mother was killed)

有时若后句的主语和宾语等与前句相同，也可一起省去：

He did it and quite successfully too at the beginning. 他这样做了，而且一开始就很成功。(=He did it and he did it quite successfully too at the beginning.)