名师详解语法易错题(07)
名师详解语法易错题(07)
混用句型类错误
英语句型包含的内容是很丰富的。从大的方面看,如按结构分,可分为简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句;从某一方面的用法看,可以有强调句型、倒装句型等;从具体某个结构来看,还有 so…that…, such…that…, not…until…, too…to… 等众多的句型。这些不同的句型,各有各的特点,同学们在学习时须引起注意。下面举几个例子来说明:
◇下面有三个试题,你能准确地选出最佳答案吗?
(1) He wrote a lot of books, and most of _________ were popular.
A. them B. whom D. that D. which
(2) He wrote a lot of books, most of _________were popular.
A. them B. whom D. that D. which
(3) He wrote a lot of books, most of them _________ popular.
A. was B. were D. being D. to be
有的同学认为第(1)题选D,第(2)题选A,第(3)题选B,你同意吗?如果你同意,那你就全错了,想知道这是为什么吗?
◇许多同学都知道,汉语中类似“因为下雨,所以我没去”,“虽然我很累了,但我仍继续工作”这类句子,不能直译为 Because it was raining, so I didn’t go. Thought I was tired, but I went on working. 为什么呢?有的同学总结为:英语中的 because 不能与 so 连用,thought / although 不能与 but 连用。当然这样归纳也还实用,且有助于记忆。但是,你知道它们为什么不能连用吗?换句话说,你知道其中的 why 吗?下面两个句子中就将 though 与 but 用在一起了,它们错了吗?
But I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later.
I tried doing the accounts, but although I knew some maths I found it very difficult.
想知道以上问题的详细解释吗?快往下看。
1. He wrote a lot of novels, most of _________ were popular.
A. them B. whom D. that D. which
【分析】此题最佳答案为D,但很容易误选A。假若单独看 He wrote a lot of novels 和 Most of them were popular 这两句话,它们并不错,但将它们放在一起用逗号连接就不甚妥当了。因为,英语句子按其结构来划分,可分为简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句四种,也就是说,一个规范的英语句子,从结构上说,它必须隶属以上四类句型之一。但上面一题若选A,则它既不是简单句(因为它有两个主谓结构),也不是并列句(因为它没有并列连词),也不是复合句(因为它没有主从句之分),当然它更不是并列复合句,所以选A是错误的。可以选D,是因为空白处填了 which 之后,后一句即成了一个非限制性的定语从句,前一句即为主句,整个句子即为一个复合句。比较以下各句(www.hxen.net):
(1) He wrote a lot of books, and most of them were popular.
句中用了并列连词,整个句子为并列句。
(2) He wrote a lot of books, most of which were popular.
后一句用了 which,使之成为定语从句,整个句子为复合句。
(3) He wrote a lot of books, most of them being popular.
后一句用了非谓语动词 being,故逗号处不用并列连词,整个句子为简单句。
2. Just because they make more money than I do, _________ they seem to look down on me.
A. so B. and C. but D. 不填
【分析】此题正确答案为D,但容易误选A,将汉语的“因为……所以……”直译为 because … so …,但是按英语语法,because 为从属连词,用以引导原因状语从句,它表明整个句子为复合句;而 so 在表示“所以”时,它是并列连词,用以连接两个简单句使之成为并列句。由于在同一句中既用了从属连词 because,又用了并列连词 so,使得该句一半像复合句,一半像并列句,从而导致错误。正确的做法是,任意去掉 because 和 so 中的一个,使之要么成为复合句,要么成为并列句。
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