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名师详解语法易错题(07)

2017-09-18来源:和谐英语

 

 

3. Although he had only entered the contest for fun, _________ he won first prize.

A. but                      B. and                      C. even                    D. 不填

【分析】此题容易误选A,将汉语的“虽然……但是……”直译为 although … but …,但是按英语语法,although 为从属连词,用以引导让步状语从句,它表明整个句子为复合句;而 but 在表示“但是”时,它是并列连词,用以连接两个简单句使之成为并列句。由于在同一句中既用了从属连词 although,又用了并列连词 but ,使得该句一半像复合句,一半像并列句,从而导致错误。正确的做法是,任意去掉 although 和 but 中的一个,使之要么成为复合句,要么成为并列句。其实,此题与上面一题的分析思路是一样的。这里顺便说一句,许多同学(包括许多老师和教学参考书)为了便于记忆,将此题与上面一题的知识点简单地归纳为“按英语习惯,because和so不可连用,although 与 but 不可连用”。这种说法在通常情况下无疑是对的,也是有效的,但同学们一定要在明白以上道理的情况下来使用此规则,如果只是死记该规则,有时遇到一些语言特例仍然会出错。如:

But I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 但我当时的确不知道此事,尽管后来我还是知道了。

此句既用了并列连词 but,又用了从属连词 although,但它并未造成错误,原因是此句与上面所讨论的情形有所不同,即此句 but 用于 although 之前,but 在此仅起到与上文转折的作用,but 后的 I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 仍为一个复合句。

I tried doing the accounts, but although I knew some maths I found it very difficult. 我试着算这些账,但尽管我懂点数学,仍感到很困难。

此句将 but 与 although 用在一起,但此句也没有错误。该句从总体来看,它是一个以并列连词 but 连接的并列句,而在该并列句的后面一句又是一个包含让步状语从句 although I knew some maths 的复合句——这种句型就是所谓的并列复合句。此句也可改写为 I tried doing the accounts, but I found it very difficult although I knew some maths.

 

4. If they don’t understand it the first time, _________ over it again until they do.

A. going                   B. to go                    C. gone                    D. go

【分析】此题正确答案选D,其余几项均有可能被误选。空格前 if 引导的是一个条件状语从句,而在空格处无论是填A、B或C,它都是一个非谓语动词短语,而不是一个句子,这样一来,整个句子没有主句,从而导致结构不完整。若选D,则 go over it again until they do 则是一个句子(祈使句),在此用作主语。又如:

(1) If he likes to eat it, _________ him some more.

A. give                     B. giving                   C. given                    D. to give

(2) If anyone calls, _________ them I’m not at home.(www.hxen.net)

A. tell                       B. telling                   C. told                      D. to tell

(3) When your mother comes back, _________ her to come to school at once.

A. ask                      B. asking                  C. asked                   D. to ask

(4) While the baby is sleeping, _________ your work as soon as possible.

A. finish                   B. finishing               C. finished                D. to finish

答案均选A,空格前分别为 if, when, while 引导的状语从句,空格处填动词原形,构成祈使句,用作句子主语。