名师详解语法易错题（07）

5. If I’m mistaken, _________ you are mistaken too.

A. so                        B. and                      C. or                        D. 不填

空格前 if 引导的是一个条件状语从句，它暗示整个句子为复合句；而so, and, or 为并列连词，无论选哪一个，都表明整个句子为并列句，从而导致前后矛盾，所以A、B、C均不能选择。此题正确答案选D，you are mistaken too 为主句。又如：

(1) If wishes were horses, _________ beggars would ride.

A. and                      B. so                        C. or                        D. 不填

(2) When the last prize had been awarded _________ everybody cleared off.

A. and                      B. so                        C. or                        D. 不填

(3) Just before I left London, _________ I sent him a telegram.

A. and                      B. so                        C. or                        D. 不填

(4) After they had each said a few words, _________ Lloyd George took the floor.

A. and                      B. so                        C. or                        D. 不填

答案均选D，空格前分别为 if, when, before, after 引导的状语从句，空格后为句子主句。

6. Finding her car stolen, _________.

A. a policeman was asked to help

B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everywhere

D. she hurried to a policeman for help

【分析】此题最佳答案选D，因为句首用作状语的现在分词短语finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语应是“她”，而不是 a policeman, the area, it 等，按照英语语法，在通常情况下，非谓语动词用作状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致，所以最佳答案为D。请再看类例：

(1) To master a foreign language, _________.

A. the school needs a foreign teacher

B. a good teacher is needed

C. a lot of practice is needed

D. one must have a lot of practice

【分析】此题答案选D，因为 to master a foreign language 的逻辑主语应是 one，而不是其他。

(2) _________ many times, he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told    B. Though to be told

C. Having told           D. He was told

【分析】此题答案选A，因为根据句意，he 与 tell 应是被动关系；另外，从时间上看，应该是“被告诉”在先，“没有理解”在后，故要用 having been told 这一现在分词的完成被动式。注意不能选D，因为 He was told 与 he still didn’t understand it 这两个简单句之间缺乏必要的衔接关系(参见下一题)。

(3) _________ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told    B. Though he was told

C. To have been told  D. He was told

【分析】此题答案选D，句中的并列连词 but 表明整个句子为并列句，同时表明 but 前应是一个独立的句子，而不能是一个非谓语动词短语(所以不能选A或C)，又因为 though 为从属连词，用以引导让步状语从句，它与连接并列句的并列连词 but 不“兼容”，所以也不能选B。