名师详解语法易错题(06)
4. Charles Babbage was considered _________ the first telephone.
A. inventing B. having invented C. to invent D. to have invented
【分析】此题容易误选A或B,因为许多学生只记住“consider 后接动词要用动名词”这一死规则。殊不知,consider可表示“考虑”和“认为”两个用法,且这两个用法的句型结构是不同的,即表示“考虑”时,其后不能接不定式,而接动名词作宾语;表示“认为”时,则其后不接动名词,但可接不定式的复合结构,即用于“consider+宾语+不定式”的结构,上面一题即为此结构的被动语态形式。所以答案应选C或D,但从时间上看,invent 应在 be considered 之前,故不定式 to invent 应用完成式,即用 to have invented,故选D。
5. The husband advised _________ to the south, but his wife advised him _________ up the idea.
A. moving, giving B. to move, to give C. moving, to give D. to move, giving
【分析】此题容易误选A,因为许多学生都记住了“advise 后接动词要用动名词而不用不定式”这一搭配规则。但此“规则” 的表述是不准确的,准确的说法应该是:advise 后接动词作宾语时,要用动名词,不用不定式;但若其后接的动词前有宾语,此动词用作宾语补足语时,则此动词要用不定式。即说 advise doing sth (建议做某事)或 advise sb to do sth (建议某人做某事)。类似情况的还有 allow(允许),permit(允许),forbid(禁止)等动词,即:
allow doing sth 允许做某事,allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事;
permit doing sth 允许做某事,permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事;
forbid doing sth 禁止做某事,forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事。
顺便说一句,要特别注意以上各句型后一结构的被动语态形式,如:
We don’t allow smoking in the lab. 我们不准在实验室吸烟。
We don’t allow people to smoke in the lab. 我们不准人们在实验室吸烟。
People are not allowed to smoke in the lab. 人们不准在实验室吸烟。
综上所述,此题答案应选C。
6. “If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _________ that I need most.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
【分析】此题容易误选A,机械地套用以下规则:something 用于肯定句,anything 用于否定句或疑问句。当然此规则在通常情况下是有效的,但此句不属通常用法。此题的最佳答案应是B,something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”,而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”,即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于 the thing)。同样地,下面几题的最佳答案也是 something,而不是 anything:(www.hxen.net)
(1) It’s not _________ that we want to talk about; let’s change the subject.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
(2) It’s not _________ I enjoy; I do it purely out of a sense of duty.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
(3) Self-control is not _________ that comes with your birth.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
(4) This is not _________ that would disturb me anyway.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
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