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名师详解语法易错题(05)

2017-09-18来源:和谐英语

名师详解语法易错题(05

固定搭配类错误

 

有许多试题,从表面上看是甲结构,而实际是乙结构;或者命题人考查的是甲结构,而应试者却将其误认为是乙结构;或者从选项来看是甲结构,而题干考查的实际上是乙结构;等等。对于这类问题,若不仔细识别,则很容易出错。下面请看几个实例:

We keep in touch _________ writing often.

A. with                     B. of                        C. on                        D. by

这应该是一个比较简单的问题,你能选对吗?此题考查的是 keep in touch with 这个短语吗?

Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _________ went wrong again.

A. it                         B. it repaired             C. repaired                D. to be repaired

【分析】此题答案是选B吗?考查的是“have + 名词或代词 + 过去分词”这个结构吗?

Whom would you rather _________ with you, Jim or Jack?

A. have go                B. have to go             C. have gone             D. has to go

从选项来看,似乎选B、C、D均可以,因为 have to go, have gone, has to go 等本身从语法上看都是可能的,而最不可能选的就是A,因为 have go 这结构本身就有点怪,似乎不妥。亲爱同学们,你也这样认为吗?实话告诉你吧,正确答案正是A,你想知道是为什么吗?

本节搜集了一些因同学们可受结构影响而出错的典型问题,希望对你的学习和解题能有些帮助。

 

1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _________ the next year.

A. carried out          B. carrying out         C. carry out             D. to carry out

【分析】此题结构比较复杂,语言基础较差的学生可能无法理清句子结构。正确的句子结构分析是这样的:that they would like to see _________ the next year 是修饰名词 the plan 的定语从句,而在这个定语从句中,关系代词 that (指先行词 the plan)用作动词 see 的宾语,所以定语从句的本来面目便是 they would like to see the plan _________ the next year。显然,其中的 the plan 与空格处的 carry out 有被动关系,故应填过去分词 carried out,即此题正确答案为A。

 

2. Use an umbrella to _________ you from the rain.

A. stop                     B. prevent                C. keep                    D. protect

许多同学一看到题干中的 from,再联系到选项中的 prevent,便马上想起了 prevent … from … 这个常用搭配,于是选择了B答案。这样分析的同学,没有完全弄清 prevent … from … 的用法特点。在 prevent A from B 这一句式中,A 和 B通常具有主谓关系,如在The rain prevented us from going out (下雨使我们不能出去)中,“我们”与“出去”就具有主谓关系。而上面一题不具备此特点,此题正确答案应是 D,protect…from…意为“保护……免受……”,如下面一题也应选 protect:

He was wearing dark glasses to _________ his eyes from the sun.

A. prevent                 B. protect                 C. keep                     D. stop

请再看一例:

He was in great need of money, so he _________ $5000 for his car.

A. paid                     B. took                     C. cost                     D. spent

许多同学根据pay…for…这一搭配推断出此题应选A。但是错了,当然若单独说 He paid $5 000 for the car (他付了5 000美元买这车) 也没什么不妥,但问题是,本句前面有这样一句He was in great need of money (他急需要钱),既然是“急需要钱”,又怎么还会花5000美元去买车呢?尤其还需注意的是 car 前的物主代词 his,这说明是为自己的车花5000美元钱,不合情理。此题的正确答案是B,take 在此表示“获得”,句意为“他急需要钱,把自己的车以5000美元给卖掉了。”