名师详解语法易错题（03）

17. Every minute should be made full use of _________ the lessons.

A. to study               B. study                   C. studying              D. studied

【分析】此题容易误选C，认为介词后接动词时要用动名词。其实此题的正确答案是A，注意此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态，则是 We should make full use of every minute to study the lessons. 用的是 make use of … to do sth (利用……做某事)这一结构。另外，还有 make the most of (尽量利用)，make the best of (尽量利用)也可能用于此类试题。请看类例：

The only way that she thought of _________ enough money was to sell her hair.

A. get                       B. to get                   C. got                       D. getting

答案应选B，而不是选D。句子主语是 the only way，that she thought of 是修饰主语的定语从句，不定式 to get enough money 也是修饰主语的定语，也就是说，句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。全句意为“她想到的弄到足够钱的惟一办法就是把自己的头发卖掉。”

18. The letter they were looking forward to _________ at last.

A. arrived                B. arriving  C. had arrived                     D. arrive

对于此题，基础稍差的同学可能选D，认为空格前的 to 是不定式符号，所以后接动词原形；基础稍好的同学可能会选B，知道 look forward to 是短语，意为“盼望”，其中的 to 是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动名词；只有基础扎实、语感好、而且细心的同学才会选A，诚如上面所说，look forward to 中的 to 是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动词作宾语时，要用动名词，而不用动词原形。但问题是此句中的动词 arrive 不是介词 to 的宾语，而是句子的谓语。句子的正解分析是：the letter 为句子主语，they were looking forward to 是修饰主语的定语从句(介词 to 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，被省略)，arrived 是句子谓语。请看以下试题：

(1) The professor you referred to _________ just now.

A. comes                  B. come                    C. coming                 D. came

答案选D，句子主语为 the professor，you referred to 为修饰 the professor 的定语从句，空白处填 came，为句子谓语。

(2) The theory he sticks to _________ to be of no use in our studies.

A. proves                  B. prove                   C. proving                D. be proved

答案选A，he sticks to 是修饰主语 the theory 的定语从句，句子的基本结构为 The theory proves to be of no use in our studies.

(3) The work he devoted his time to _________ worth praising.

A. was                     B. be                        C. being                    D. been

答案选A，he devoted his time to 是修饰主语 the work 的定语从句。句子的基本结构为 The work was worth praising.

19. This is the very work that I must finish _________ her.

A. to help                 B. help                     C. helping  D. helped

有的同学一看到动词 finish，便断定其后空格肯定填动名词，即断定此题答案选C。其实错了，正确答案应是 A。不错，finish 后接动词作宾语时，该动词要用动名词，而不用不定式，但是本句空格处填的动词help 并不是 finish 的宾语，正确的句子分析是：that I must finish 是修饰名词 the very work 的定语从句，finish 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，其后的不定式 to help her 是目的状语。全句意为“为了帮助她，这就是我们必须要完成的工作。”请再看类似例题：