名师详解语法易错题（03）

(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.

A. it                         B. them                    C. which                  D. that

(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it                         B. them                    C. which                  D. that

第(1)应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选C，则该从句无谓语；第(2)应选C，因为句中有谓语 were translated。再请看下面一例：

(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it                         B. them                    C. which                  D. that

【分析】此题与上面的第(2)题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。

请做做以下三题(答案均为B)：

(1) There I met several people, two of _________ being foreigners.

A. which                  B. them                    C. whom                  D. that

(2) There I met several people, two of _________ were foreigners.

A. which                  B. whom                  C. who                     D. that

(3) There I met several people, and two of _________ were foreigners.

A. which                  B. them                    C. whom                  D. that

14. “Do you have anything _________, Professor Smith?” “No, thanks.”

A. to type                 B. typing                  C. to be typed          D. being typed

根据 I have something to type. I have a letter to write. He has some clothes to wash. 等相关句式类推，许多同学毫不犹豫地选择了A答案，但是错了，最佳答案应是C。确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如 I have a letter to write 之类的，按理说其中的 a letter 与其后的不定式 to write 具有被动关系，即“信”应该是“被写”，但这里却习惯上用主动式表示这个被动意义。不过同学们还要注意一点，就是这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如 I have a letter to write. 中的 to write 就是由该句主语 I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形则稍有不同，即其中的 to type 这一动作不是由句子主语 you (在此指 Professor Smith)来完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的，句意为“史密斯教授，你有什么文件要我打字吗？”请再看一例(www.hxen.net)：

I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 我下个星期要去北京，你有什么东西要带给你儿子的吗？

句中的 to be taken 用了被动式而没用主动式，原因就是“带”这个动作不是句子主语you 去完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较下面的句子：

Are you going to Beijing? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去北京吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？

I’m going to Beijing next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去北京，我随身要带很多东西去。