名师详解语法易错题（03）

11. “What made her struggle _________ an artist so hard?” “_________ she was a woman.”

A. became, 不填     B. to become, 不填  C. become, That     D. to become, That

【分析】此题容易误选C，想当然地认为第一空应填 become (不带to)，是因为其前有使役动词 made。其实，此题应选D，在 What made her struggle to become an artist so hard? 一句中，what 是句子主语，made 是谓语，her struggle to become an artist 是宾语 (其中的不定式 to become an artist 是修饰her struggle 的定语)，so hard 是宾语补足语。许多同学误选C是将 her struggle 看作宾语，而将 become an artist 看作是宾语补足语，照此分析，so hard 又是什么成分呢？第二空填 That，用以引导主语从句 (此 that 不可省略)，其后的谓语和宾语等被省略，若补充完整，即为 That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard.

12. _________ doesn’t seem to have been much difficulty in solving the problem.

A. It                        B. That                    C. There                  D. He

许多同学一看选项便想当然地认为，这是考查形式主语 it 的用法，所以便毫不犹豫地选了A。同学们仔细想想看，假若此题选形式主语 it，那么真正的主语在哪儿呢？没有。其实，此题应选C，属 there be 句型一种比较复杂的表现形式，请看下面几个句子，它们均属there be 句型，但结构一个比一个复杂：

There is much difficulty in solving the problem.

There seems to be much difficulty in solving the problem.

There seems to have been much difficulty in solving the problem.

There doesn’t seem to have been much difficulty in solving the problem.

以下各句用的是否是 there be句型，你看得出来吗?（答案均选B）

(1) There is going to _________ a class meeting tonight

A. have                     B. be                        C. do                        D. attend

(2) _________ used to be a big tree in front of the old house.

A. It                         B. There                   C. They                    D. That

(3) _________ happened to be a foreign teacher there.

A. It                         B. There                   C. They                    D. That

(4) There seems to _________ a storm soon.

A. have                     B. be                        C. fall                       D. blow

(5) _________ have been many such accidents here recently.

A. It                         B. There                   C. They                    D. We

(6) There must have _________ something wrong with the machine.

A. gone                    B. been                     C. had                      D. done

(7) _________ is said to be no life on the moon.

A. It                         B. There                   C. That                     D. He

13. Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.

A. its                       B. whose                  C. which                  D. that

【分析】此题很容易误选B，许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词 owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词，但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学认为，其中的 seated 可视为谓语动词，但是注意，seat 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在 seated 前加上助动词 is，则可以选择B（当然若将 seated 改为 sitting，也应选择B）。所以此题最佳答案选A。请再看一个类似的例子：