名师详解语法易错题(03)
15. It’s more than half a century _________ the People’s Republic of
A. when B. that C. since D. after
有的考生一见到句首的 it’s,再一看选项中的that,就马上联想到It is...that... 这样的强调句型,并认为被强调的成分是时间状语 more than half a century,从而毫不犹豫地选择了B。按照以上分析,假若这是强调句,那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是The People's Republic of China was liberated (for) more than half a century. 很显然, 句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间,然而它修饰的谓语动词 (was) liberated 却是一个终止性动词,按此意思则是说“解放中华人民共和国”这一动作一直持续了半个多世纪,这显然是荒唐的。其实,此题应选C,属于“It is+一段时间+since 从句”句型,句意为“自中华人民共和国解放以来, 时间已过去半个多世纪”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(has been),但在口语中一般多用一般现在时代替。请再看一例:
It was ten o’clock _________ he came back home.
A. when B. that C. since D. after
对于此题许多同学也误认为是强调句型,从而误选B。假若这是强调句,那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是 He came back home ten o’clock. 此句显然不成立,但是若在 ten o’clock 前加上一介词 at,则完全可以,即可说 He came back home at ten o’clock.,也可说 It was at ten o’clock that he came back home. 上面一题的正解答案应是A,即选 when,表示“当……的时候”,句首的 it 表示时间,全句意为“当他回到家时,时间是10点钟。”
16. The soldiers tried their best and did what they could _________ against the flood.
A. fight B. to fight C. fighting D. fought
有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 fight,即断定选A答案。其实选错了,正确答案应是B。这是一个省略句,即在 could 后省略了动词 do,若把句子补完整应为The soldiers tried their best and did what they could do to fight against the flood (士兵们竭尽全力抗洪)。即句中的不定式短语 (to fight against the flood) 用作目的状语的,而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句:
(1) He did what he could to help us. 他尽力帮助我们。
(2) He saved what he could to buy a car. 他尽量节约每一分钱以便买车。
(3) He ran as fast as he could to catch the early bus. 他拼命地跑以便赶上早班车。
至此,有的同学可能又会想当然地认为,今后只要遇到类似结构的题选带to不定式就万事大吉了,但也不一定,例外还是有的,还得具体问题具体分析。请看下例:
(4) He ran as fast as he could _________ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hope C. hoping D. hoped
若根据以上“经验”认为此题要选A答案,那就又错了。此题应选 C,其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。
(5) He spent every minute he could _________ spoken English.
A. practise B. to practise C. practising D. practised
【分析】此题应选 C,它与以上各题的情形均有所不同,虽然与上面的第(4)题的答案一样,均为动词的 –ing 形式,但也不完全一样:第(4)的 hoping 为现在分词,在句中用作伴随状语;而此题的 practising 是动名词,之所以用它与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关,即 spend … (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整,即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6) Mr Smith made up his mind to devote all he could _________ his oral English before going abroad.
A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving
【分析】此题答案选D,注意两点:一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配,意为“把……贡献给……”;二是其中的 to 是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时要用动名词。
- 上一篇
- 下一篇