初级英语语法重点、考点与难点(08)

3. 容易出错的被动语态时态

—Have you moved into the new house?

—Not yet. The rooms ______.

A. are being painted B. are painting         C. are painted          D. are being painting

此题选A。从句意上看, 此题应选被动式(这是显然的), 同时注意：被动语态要用现在进行时形式(这点容易忽视)。

在做动词的语态题时, 同时要注意其时态形式：

You are wanted on the phone. 有人给你打电话。(一般现在时)

When was the building completed? 这座大楼什么时候建成?(一般过去时)

You won’t be allowed to take so much luggagewith you. 不会准你带这么多行李。(一般将来时)

A new railway is now being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。(现在进行时)

The roads were being widened. 道路当时正在加宽。(过去进行时)

Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这种事以前从未听说过。(现在完成时)

有时被动式动词可与情态动词连用：

The work must be finished at once. 这工作必须马上完成。

The method can still be improved upon. 这方法还可以改进。

My umbrella may have been left on the train. 我的伞可能忘在火车上了。

4. 带双宾语动词的被动语态有何规律

主动：He answered me the question. (正)

被动：I was answered the question by him. (正)

被动：The question was answered me by him. (误)

本题涉及带双宾语动词的被动语态问题。这个问题可以从三个方面去概括：

一、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语), 这类动词主要的有：buy, give, lend, pay, show, teach, tell, offer, leave, award 等：

他给了她一些钱。

主动：He gave her some money. (正)

被动：She was given some money by him. (正)

被动：Some money was given (to) her by him. (正)

二、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用直接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：do, make, pass, sell, sing, write 等：

他给她写了封信。

主动：He wrote her a letter. (正)

被动：A letter was written (to) her by him. (正)

被动：She was written a letter by him. (少见)

三、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用间接宾语作主语, 这类动词主要的有：answer, refuse, save, spare, deny, envy 等：

他们不允许我入场。

主动：They refused me admittance. (正)

被动：I was refused admittance by them. (正)

被动：Admittance was refused me by them. (少见)