初级英语语法重点、考点与难点(08)

7. 这类系表结构后不定式要用主动式表被动义

This book is difficult ______.

A. to understand      B. to be understand  C. to understand it   D. being understood

此题应选A。容易误选B。从意思上看, 本句主语与其后不定式有动宾关系, 所以不少考生便误选了不定式的被动式, 但是这里有一点特殊之处。

按照英语习惯, 由easy, hard, nice, difficult, amusing,

interesting, dangerous, impossible, important, pleasant, 等形容词构成的系表结构后, 接用不定式时, 通常要用主动式表示被动含义：

English is not easy to learn. 英语不容易学。

This question is difficult [hard] to answer. 这 个问题很难回答。

That bird is impossible to catch. 那只鸟不可能被抓住。

The river is dangerous to swim in. 在这条河里游泳很危险。

Football is interesting to watch. 看踢足球很有意思。

以上结构可以换成用it作形式主语的句型：(www.hxen.net)

英语单词难记。

正：English words are difficult to remember.

正：It is difficult to remember English words.

写那样一本书很容易。

正：Such a book is easy to write.

正：It is easy to write such a book.

8. 介绍一种特殊的被动结构

I don’t know him, but he ______ to have a lot of money.

A. says                     B. said                     C. is said                  D. is saying

此题应选 C。这是一类比较特殊的被动语态。试比较以下各组句子：

据说他是一个诚实的人。

a. People say that he is an honest man.

b. It is said that he is an honest man.

c. He is said to be an honest man.

据说龟比象活得久。

a. People say that tortoises live longer thanelephants.

b. It is said that tortoises live longer thanelephants.

c. Tortoises are said to live longer thanelephants.

人们认为他已离开了。

a. People believe that he has left.

b. It is believed that he has left.

c. He is believed to have left.