内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(14)
3. 形容雪下得大,通常用 hard, heavy, thick, heavily, thickly 等。如:
雪下得很大。
正:It snowed hard [heavily].
正:The snow was falling thickly [heavily].
◆so do I & so I do
1. “so+特殊动词+主语”,表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况,后者也同样适用。如:
He likes travelling, and so do
He went home and so did everyone else. 他回家去了,其他的人也回去了。
She is beautiful and so was her mother before having children. 她很美,她母亲在生小孩以前也很美。
注:若为否定的情况,则用 neither 或 nor。如:
He doesn’t like it and neither [nor] do
2. “so+主语+特殊动词”,表示强调或同意,其意为“的确如此”、“正是这样”。如:
A:It was cold yesterday. 昨天很冷。
B:So it was. 的确很冷。
A:He works hard. 他工作很努力。
B:So he does, and so do you. 他工作的确努力,并且你也一 样。
◆so as to & so that
1. “so as to+动词原形”和“so that+句子”,两者都用来引导目的状语,也可用来引导结果状语。如:
The test questions are kept secret, so as to prevent cheating. 考卷保密,以防舞弊。(表目的)
He shouted so as to be heard a mile away. 他高声喊叫,一里路之外都听得到。(表结果)
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 说清楚,以便让他们能明白你的意思。(表目的)
He went to the lecture early so that he got a good seat. 他去听演讲去得很早,所以找个好座位。(表结果)
注:以上两类结构有时可互换。如上面最后一句也可改写成:
I went to the lecture early so as to get a good seat.
2. “so……as to+动词原形”和“so……that+句子”,主要用来引出结果状语。如:
The rain was so heavy as to make our picnic impossible. 雨太大,我们无法出去野餐。
He writes so carefully that he makes no mistakes. 他写得 很仔细,没有出一点差错。
注:有时以上两类结构可以互换。如上面最后一句也可写成:
He writes so carefully as to make no mistakes.
在“so……that+句子”结构中,so 后除可接形容词或副词外,还可接“形容词+a(n)+名词”。如:
He is so clever a boy that we all like him. 这孩子很聪明我们都很喜欢他。
另外,该结构还经常与 many, much, few, little 等连用。如:
He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了许多跤,以致于全身都是青一块紫一块的。
3. so as to 的否定式是 so as not to, 而不能是not so as to或 so not as to 等。如:
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 悄悄地进去,以免吵醒孩子。
4. 以上各结构通常不位于句首,但有以下例外:
(1) so that 表示目的时,有时可位于句首,但仍不如放在后面常见。如:
So that he could buy a new car, he saved a lot of money. 为了能买辆新车,他存了不少钱。
注:表示结果的 so that 绝不能放在句首。
- 上一篇
- 下一篇