内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(13)
内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(13)
◆rather than
1. 用作连词(=but not),意为“而不”、“不是……(而是)”、“与其……(不如)”,前后连接的成分应该是平行的。如:
He ran rather than walked. 他不是在走而是在跑。
He is a writer rather than a teacher. 与其说他是教师还不如说他是作家。
You are doing this for yourself rather than for others. 你做这件事不是为别人而是为你自己。
It was what he meant rather than what he said. 这是他的意思,而不是他说的话。
2. 用来连接不定式时应注意:若主句有不定式,则 rather than之后可接不带 to 的不定式,也可接带 to 的不定式(较正式)或动词的 -ing 形式。如:
I decided to stay at home rather than (to) go [going] to the cinema. 我宁愿呆在家里也不愿去看电影。
注:若 rather than 位于句首,其后的不定式通常不带to(但有时可接-ing 动词)。如:
Rather than go there by air, I’d take the slowest train. 我宁可乘最慢的火车去也不愿坐飞机去。
Rather than waste [wasting] your time doing it yourself, why don’t you call in a builder? 你为什么宁愿浪费时间自己去干而不去请一个包工的呢?
◆reach v. & n.
1. 表示“到达”,通常为及物动词,表示到达某地,其后应直接跟地点名词作宾语,不能使用任何介词。如:
你什么时候到达北京的?
误:When did you reach at [in] Beijing?
正:When did you reach Beijing?
注:有时后接副词 reach here(到达这儿),reach home(到家) 等。
2. 表示“伸(手)”、“伸手拿或碰到”,可用作及物和不及物动词。表示“伸手去拿……”,其后常接介词 for(=to get);表示“伸手碰到……”,其后不用介词。注意以下各句型的不同表达:
他伸手去拿那本书。
正:He reached (out) for the book.
正:He reached (out) his hand for the book.
正:He reached his hand (out) for the book.
他不够高,伸手碰不到门顶。
正:He wasn’t tall enough to reach the top of the door.
误:He wasn’t tall enough to reach for the top of the door.
3. 表示“递给”(=get and pass to),可接双宾语,双宾语易位时用介词 for。如:
Please reach me the book. /Please reach the book for me. 请把书递给我。
4. 用作名词,意为“伸手可拿到的范围”或“可以到达的地方”等。如:
Put the bottle within (beyond, out of) (his) reach. 把瓶子放在(他)拿得到(拿不到)的地方。
The hotel is within easy reach of the beach. 这家旅馆离海滩很近。
◆read v.
1. 表示“读”,可带双宾语,双宾语易位时用介词 to。如:
Please read us the letter. /Please read the letter to us. 请把信念给我们听。
比较:Please read the letter for me. 请替我读这封信。
2. 表示“读到”、“获悉”,后接介词 of, about。如:
I have read of [about] your accident in the paper. 我在报上读到了你们出事的消息。
3. 表示“读起来”,用被读的东西作主语,往往含有被动意味。如:
The story reads well. 这个故事读起来不错。
The play reads better than it acts. 这个剧本读起来比演起来要更好些。
4. 表示“应读作”、“内容是”、“上面写着或显示着”。如:
The name reads "Jim" not "Tim". 这个名字应读作吉姆而不是提姆。
The sign reads "Keep left". 牌子上写着“向左行驶”。
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