内部讲义：常考词的语法与用法(13)

◆reply v. & n.

1. 用作动词，表示“回答”或“答复”，通常为不及物动词。要表示“对……回答”，其后通常接介词 to。如：

He didn’t reply to my letter. 他没有回我的信。

He gave me no chance to reply to his question. 他没有给我回答他问题的机会。

有时用作及物动词，主要用于引出直接引语或后接 that 从句。如：

"That’s what I expected"，he replied. “那正是我期望的”他回答说。

He replied that he didn’t like it. 他回答说他不喜欢它。

2. 用作名词，表示“回答”、“答复”，通常为可数名词。如：

You must make a reply to the question. 你必须回答这个问题。

We have got several replies to the advertisement. 我们已收到了好几份回应广告的来信。

注：在某些固定短语，reply 为不可数名词。如：

What did you say in reply? 你是怎样回答的?

What did you say in reply to his suggestion? 你在答复他的建议时说了些什么?

◆report v. & n.

1. 用作动词，表示“报告”、“报道”。比较以下正误句型：

你必须要马上向老师报告。

误：You must report the teacher at once.

正：You must report to the teacher at once.

注：report sb 意为“告发某人”。

2. 有时可后接动名词。如：

他们报告说他们看见了飞碟。

正：They reported seeing [having seen] UFOs.

正：They reported that they had seen UFOs.

3. 比较以下同义句型：

据说司机受了重伤。

正：It’s reported that the driver was seriously injured.

正：The driver was reported (to be) seriously injured.

据说他已离开日本去了巴黎。

正：Report has it that he has left Japan for Paris.

正：Report says that he has left Japan for Paris.

注：这样用的 report 前通常不用冠词。

◆require v.

1. 表示“要求”，比较以下结构：

He requires my appearance. /He requires me to appear. / He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。

注：后接 that 从句时，从句谓语通常用“should＋动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式(如上例)。

2. 表示“需要”，比较以下结构：

This plan requires careful thought. / This plan requires to be thought carefully. /This plan requires being thought carefully. 这个计划需要仔细考虑。

再比较：

The children require looking after [to be looked after]. 这些孩子需要照看。

The floor requires washing [to be washed]. 地板需要拖洗了。

注：这类结构的特点是：主语与其后动词有动宾关系，该动词若用不定式，用被动式；若用动名词，则用主动形式表示被动意义。

3. 表示向某人要求某物，通常用 require sth of [from] sb(用介词 of 比用介词 from 更常见)。如：

What do you require of me? 你要求我做什么?

I have done everything that was required of me. 一切要我做的事情我都已经做好了。