内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(14)
(4) 表示时间长度时,通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如:
It’s ten years since he left here. 他离开这儿已10年了。
How long is it since you arrived? 你到来多久了?
2. 关于后续词:用作介词,其后除可接名词代词外,有时可接介词短语。比较:
He had been there since her death. 自从她死以来他就一直在那儿。
He had been there since before her death. 自从她死以前他就一直在那儿。
有时可接 then, when。如:
He’s been ill since then. 自那以来他一直病着。
Since when have you lived here? 从什么时候开始你就住在这里了?
像一般介词一样,其后也可接动名词( 注意动名词的逻辑主语应是句子主语)。比较:
自上次写信以来我已收到她三封来信。
正:I’ve had three letters from her since I wrote last.
正:I’ve had three letters from her since writing last.
3. 关于翻译:用作连词,它所引导从句的谓语通常应是非延续性动词,但有时也可以是延续性动词或状态动词,不过此时应注意:若为延续性动词或状态动词,那么它所表示的通常是动作或状态的完成或结束(而不是其开始)。如:
I haven’t heard from him since he lived in
正译:自从他离开北京以来,我一直未收到他的信。
误译:自从他住在北京以来,我一直未收到他的信。
He has never come to see me since I was ill.
正译:自我病愈以来他还没来看过我。
误译:自我生病以来他还没来看过我。
若要表示从句中的动作或状态延续至今,就应该用持续性动词的现在完成时,而不是用一般过去时。如:
I haven’t had a good meal (ever) since I’ve been here. 我自从来到这里后还没吃过一顿好的。
注:两种例外的情况:
(1) 有个别句型(主要是……since I was a child 等),从句即使用了状态动词的一般过去时,它也指状态一直持续到现在。如:
I have wanted to visit Disney World since I was a child. 自孩提时代起我就想去看看迪斯尼乐园。
(2) 有个别句型(主要是 it’s some time since……等),从句即使用了持续性动词的现在完成时,它也指动作的结束( 但从句不能用否定式)。如:
It’s a long time since I (have) studied English. 我很久没学英语了。
◆sing v.
表示“唱歌”,可接双宾语,若双宾语易位用介词 for。如:
她给我们唱了首英语歌。
正:She sang us an English song.
正:She sang an English song for us.
◆size n.
表示大小或尺寸,根据情况可用作可数或不可数名词。如:
What size is the box? 这个盒子的尺寸是多少?
The two houses are of a size. 这两座房子一样大。
It is equal in size to a book. 他的大小与一本书相同。
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