内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(14)
2. 比较以下句型:
He showed me the room. 他带我看那房间。
He showed me into the room. 他领我进了那房间。
He showed me the door. 他将我逐出门外。
He showed me to the door. 他送我到门口。
注:show sb (a)round 意为“陪某人参观”或“带某人到处看看”等。如:
He showed us round the factory. 他带我们参观了工厂。
3. 表示“(通过做示范)教”,比较以下正误句型:
他教我们种菜。
正:He showed us how to plant vegetables.
误:He showed us to plant vegetables.
注:表示“表明”、“证明”,其后可接不定式的复合结构。如:
This showed him to be honest. 这说明他是诚实的。
His record shows him to have worked hard at school. 他的成绩证明他在校学习很用功。
◆shy adj.
1. 用作形容词,有两方面的意思,一是表示“害羞的”、“羞怯的”等,此时可以指人,也可以指行为态度等;二是指“提防的”、“躲避的”、“犹豫的”、“畏缩的”等,此时通常用作表语,且其后通常接介词 of。如:
The shy girl gave him a shy smile. 这个害羞的姑娘对他害羞地一笑。
He is shy of [about] talking about the prize he has won. 他羞于谈起他获得的奖。
We are all a bit shy of that sort of person. 我们对那种人有点怀疑(有所提防)。
This made me shy of trying it again. 这使我不敢再试了。
比较:(www.hxen.net)
He was shy of strangers. 他怕见生人。
He was shy with strangers. 他和生人在一起怕羞。
2. 在美国口语中,可以表示“不足的”、“欠缺的”,此时通常也用作表语,其后一般接介词 of(有时用 on)。如:
The house is shy of [on] a bathroom. 这房间缺一个浴室。
We have plenty of wine, but we are shy of [on] beer. 我们有很多葡萄酒,但啤酒不够。
◆sick adj.
1. 表示“有病的”,可用作表语或定语。如:
He has been sick for weeks. 他已病了好几个星期了。
Take good care of these sick children. 好好照顾好这些有病的孩子。
注:在英国英语中,用作表语的 sick 有时可表示“呕吐”。如:
She feels sick in buses. 她在公共汽车上觉得想呕。
2. 表示“厌烦的”,通常只用作表语,其后通常接介词 of, 与 be tired of 大致同义。如:
I’m sick of waiting around like this. 我腻烦像这样在一旁等着。
3. 与定冠词连用,表示“病人们”(具有复数意义)。如:
We’re going to visit the sick in hospital. 我们打算去看望住院的病人。
The sick were allowed to pass free. 病人可以免费通过。
◆sign n.
1. 用作名词,表示“符号”、“标牌”、“手势”、“迹象”等均为可数名词。如:
We hung a sign on the door. 我们在门上挂了一个招牌。
He gave me a sign to leave the room. 他示意我离开房间。
There are signs of sales increasing. 有迹象表明销售额在增长。
2. 用作动词,表示“打手势”,可用作及物或不及物动词。比较以下同义句型:
警察打手势(示意)叫我停下。
正:The policeman signed me to stop.
正:The policeman signed to [for] me to stop.
另外还可以表示“签(名)”或“在……上签字”,也可以是及物或不及物动词。比较:
你在支票上签名了吗?
正:Have you signed (your name on) the cheque?
正:Have you signed (your name to) the cheque?
正:Have you signed (on) the cheque?
误:Have you signed your name in the cheque?
误:Have you signed in the cheque?
注:表示“签名”时,sign 只用作动词,不用作名词。其相应的名词为 signature。
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