内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(14)
◆should adv.
1. 用作情态动词,表示“应该”、“应当”,其后接动词原形,主要用来谈论现在或将来,不能谈论过去;若要谈论过去,其后应接完成式,其意为“本该”或“大概已经”。比较:
You should tell the truth. 你应该讲真话。
You should have told the truth. 你本来应该讲真话的。
He should leave now. 他现在应该离开了。
He should have already left. 他大概已经离开了。
注:若表示动作在进行,则可也可接进行式。如:
He should be working now. 他现在应该在工作。
2. 用于某些动词(如order, recommend, demand, command, suggest, propose, recommend, advise, ask等)、形容词(如 eager, anxious, important, necessary)等之后。如:
I suggest that he (should) come to the meeting. 我建议要他来参加会议。
It’s important that he (should) remember this. 他记住这一点很有必要。
My suggestion is that we (should) start a little earlier. 我建议我们早点出发。
注:有时用于某些从句中,表示一种惊奇语气。如:
How should he think that? 他怎么会那样想呢?
It’s strange that he should come so late. 他竟然来这么迟真是奇怪。
比较:
It’s a pity that he failed in the exam. 他考试没有及格真是遗憾。
It is a pity that he should have failed in the exam. 他考试竟然没有及格,真是遗憾。
3. 用于含有虚拟条件句(包括含蓄条件句)的主句 (主语是第一人称)中,但在此种情况下,美国人多用 would。如:
If I had time, I should go. 我要是有时间,我就去。
I shouldn’t have won without you. 没有你我不可能获胜。
4. 用于可能性极小的条件句中(主语可以是各种人称),表示将来情况,通常译为“万一”,此时主句谓语可用虚拟语气,也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如:
If you should change your mind, do let me know. 你万一改变主意,一定要告诉我。
If I should be free tomorrow, I will come. 万一明天有空,我就来。
◆shoulder n.
1. 用作名词,表示“肩”,比较:
She looked over her shoulder. 她回过头来看。
She looked over his shoulder. 她通过他肩膀往前看。
2. 用于 shoulder to shoulder 意为“肩并肩地”、“齐心协力地”。如:
They were standing shoulder to shoulder. 他们并肩而立。
We should work shoulder to shoulder. 我们应该齐心协力地工作。
比较 side by side(并肩,并排),注意所用介词不同。如:
He sat side by side with her. 他与她并肩坐着。
These shops were side by side. 这些商店挨在一起。
◆show v.
1. 表示“拿……给人看”,可以带双宾语。双宾语易位时,要用介词 to。如:
把你收集的邮票拿给我们看看好吗?
正:Will you please show us your stamp collection?
正:Will you please show your stamp collection to us?
误:Will you please show us your stamp collection to see?
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