内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(02)
◆arrive v.
1. 表示“到达”,是不及物动词。如:
What time does the train arrive? 火车什么时候到?
We arrived here last night. 我们昨晚到这儿。
2. 要表示“到达某地”,通常要用介词 at(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方)。如:
We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们到车站晚了五分钟。
They will arrive in
◆as prep, conj. & pron.
1. 用作介词,意为“作为”、“当作”、“充当”。如:
He treats me as a child. 他把我当小孩看待。
As your doctor, I advise you to eat less. 作为你的医生,我建议你少吃点。
2. 用作连词,注意以下用法:
(1) 表示“随着”。如:
As time passed, things seemed to get worse. 随着时间的推移,情况似乎变得更糟了。
若其后不接从句,而接名词,则用介词 with 表示“随着”。如:
With the development of modern agriculture and industry,
more and more waste is produced. 随着现代工农业的发展,污染越来越严重了。
(2) 表示让步(意为:虽然,尽管),要用于倒装句(相当于 though, 但语气稍弱)。如:
Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你,却不能和你一起生活。
Try as he would [might],he couldn’t open the door. 他试过多次了,却仍打不开门。
注:倒装后位于句首的名词通常不用冠词。如:
Boy as he was, he behaved like a girl. 他虽然是个男孩,但举止却像个女孩。
3. 用作关系代词,主要用法有:
(1) 用在 such, same, as 等之后,引导限制性定语从句。如:
I live in the same place as Tom does. 我和汤姆住在同处。
Such people as knew him admired him. 认识他的人都钦佩他。
He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford. 他抽一种他买得起的最贵的烟。
(2) 单独用作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前(常译为:正如)或之后(常译为:这一点),且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开。如:
He was absent, as is often the case. 他缺席了,这是常有的事。
As was expected, he succeeded at last. 正如我们所料,他终于成功了。
◆ask v.
1. 可以接双宾语。如:
Ask him his name. 问问他的名字。
She asked me what I wanted. 她问我想要什么。
有时双宾语交换位置,借助介词 of。如:
他来请我帮忙。
正:He came to ask me a favour.
正:He came to ask a favour of me.
他问了我一个问题。
正:He asked me a question.
正:He asked a question of me.
2. 与介词的常见搭配:
(1) 与介词 for 连用,有“要求得到”的意思。如:
She is always asking for money. 她老是要钱。
He asked 100 yuan for a box. 他要100元一箱。
有时单独用 ask 也可表示 ask for 的意思。如:
He asked (for) the teacher’s advice. 他向老师征求意见。
=He asked the teacher for his advice. 他向老师征求意见。
(2) 与 about 连用,表示询问或打听关于某事的情况。如:
Ask (him) about the ring — he may have found it. 问问(他)你丢的戒指——也许他捡到了。
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