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语法陷阱题800例—动词用法与辨析

2017-09-29来源:和谐英语

语法陷阱题800例—动词用法与辨析

典型陷阱题分析

1. If you want to sell your product you must _____ it.

A. advertise                                              B. advertise for

C. advertise on                                          D. advertise to

【陷阱】容易误选B,认为 advertise 的意思是“做广告”,advertise for 的意思“为……做广告”。

【分析】事实上,正确答案为A。advertise 可用作及物和不及物动词:用作及物动词时,其意为“为……做广告”、“登广告宣传”;用作不及物动词时,其意为“做广告”、“登广告”,此时通常后接介词 for,表示“做广告征求”。比较:

advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 (此时 advertise 不及物)

advertise sth 为……登广告,登广告宣传……(此时 advertise 是及物动词,其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语)

People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人们为要卖的东西登广告。

The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书。

再比较以下用例:

advertise jobs 登广告招人

advertise for jobs 登广告求职

2. No matter how much you’ve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _______ the people heart and soul.

A. serve                                                   B. serve for

C. serve to                                                D. serve on

【陷阱】容易误选B,即字对字地翻译汉语的“全心全意为人民服务”,将其中的“为”译为 for。

【分析】答案选A,serve 意为“为……服务”,可直接用作及物动词,其后不能按汉语意思误加介词 for。请看以下类似例子:

(1) I _____ you yesterday, but you weren’t in.

A. rang                                                    B. rang to

C. rang with                                             D. rang to

答案选A,ring 可以用作及物动词,表示“给……打电话”,故其后不用介词。

(2) Neither of her parents wanted her to _____ her cousin.

A. marry                                                  B. marry to

C. marry with                                           D. marry for

答案选A,marry 可用作及物或不及物动词,用作及物动词时它的意思“与……结婚”,而不仅仅是“结婚”,也就是说,后接宾语时,无需用介词 to, with 等。

(3) How can I _____ you, Mr. Green?

A. contact                                                 B. contact with

C. contact to                                             D. contact for

答案选A,contact 为及物动词,表示“与……联系”,其后不接介词。

3. According to the rules, students must not ______ their books during examinations.

A. read                                                     B. watch

C. notice                                                  D. look at

【陷阱】容易误选A。因为按照英语一般习惯:看书看报用动词 read,看电视用动词watch,看电影用动词see,看比赛用动词watch,看黑板用动词look at,等等。

【分析】一般说来,汉语的“看书”至少有两层意思,一是指阅读性地看书,即看书=读书,此时通常用动词read;另一种看书则不是指阅读性地看书,而只是大概地翻一翻或看一看,比如看看书的封面、定价、内容提要等,或者回答问题时看看书的某些章节或字句以及考试时偷看书本等等,此时通常都不宜用动词read,而应根据情况选用其他动词(如 look at)。又如:

Let me have a look at the book. 让我看看或翻翻这本书。

Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 请不看书回答我的问题。