语法陷阱题800例—动词用法与辨析
请做以下试题(答案选D):
(1) “We have sent out two best players to the sports meet. What about you?” “Well, not yet. We have few ______, I’d say.”
A. chosen B. to choose
C. to be chosen D. to choose from
(2) “I’d like to buy an expensive camera.” “Well, we have several models ______.”
A. to pick up B. to pick
C. to choose D. to choose from
12. I _____ him not to go abroad, but he wouldn’t listen.
A. persuaded B. tried to persuade
C. have persuaded D. was persuaded
【陷阱】容易误选A。
【分析】正确答案为B。persuade 的真正意思是“说服”,而不是“设法说服”,要表示后者的意思英语应用 try to persuade (当然也可用其他词,如 advise 等)。类似地:
(1) kill 的意思是“杀死”,不表示“设法杀死”,要表示后者的意思英语用 try to kill。
(2) prevent 的意思是“阻止”,不表示“设法阻止”,要表示后者的意思英语用 try to prevent。
13. When she came several days later, she found that all things still _______ where she had _______ them.
A. lay; laid B. laid; laid
C. lay; lain D. lying; lain
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】正确答案选A。第一空填lay,它是lie(位于,在)的过去式 lay;第二空 laid,它是 lay(放,置)的过去分词,句意为“……她发现所有东西还在她当时放它们的地方”。请注意 lie, lay 的以下用法及词形变换:
(1) lay 有两个常见意思:一是表示“放”、“摆”(及物),二是表示“下(蛋)”(及物或不及物)。如:
Lay your coat on the bed. 把你的外衣放在床上。
Are your hens laying yet? 你的母鸡下蛋了吗?
Will you please lay the table for dinner? 请你摆好餐具准备吃饭好吗?
(2) lie 有三个主要意思:一是表示“躺”或“平放”,二是表示“位于”,三是表示“说谎”。用于以上三义时,均为不及物动词。如:
Don’t lie in bed all morning. 别一个上午都躺在床上。
The book lay open on the desk. 那本书摊开着放在桌上。
Don’t lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。
The small town lies among the mountains. 小镇位于群山之中。
I’m sorry I lied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了谎。
(3) 这两个词经常被混淆的有时不是其意思,而是其词形。注意下表所示:
意 思
现在分词
过去式
过去分词
lie
躺,平放,位于(vi.)
lying
lay
lain
lie
说谎(vi.)
lying
lied
lied
lay
放(vt.),下蛋(vi.&vt.)
laying
laid
laid
请做下题(答案均为B):(www.hxen.net)
(1) The hens _____ 50 eggs last week, but this week they aren’t _____.
A. lay, lying B. laid, laying
C. lay, laying D. lied, lying
(2) The girl ______ on the ground _____ to me that had _____ the purse on the desk.
A. lying, lay, laid B. lying, lied, laid
C. lie, lied, lay D. lay, lied, lain
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