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高中英语 语法陷阱题800例-名词

2017-09-30来源:和谐英语

高中英语 语法陷阱题800-名词

典型陷阱题分析

1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes.

A. a, tear                                                  B. a piece of, tears

C. a, tears                                                 D. a piece of, tear

【陷阱】误选D,许多学生错误地认为,既然news(消息)和 paper(纸)均为不可数名词,那么newspaper(报纸)也应是不可数的;同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”,“水”不可数,“泪水”和“眼泪”也应该不可数。

【分析】最佳答案为C。newspaper和 tear均为可数名词,它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数,而且还可以连用数词。

Her eyes filled with tears. 她热泪盈眶。

She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼泪。

The newspapers were full of lies. 报纸上一片谎言。

A newspaper is a publication. 报纸是一种出版物。

顺便说一句,若不是将 newspaper 当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西,而只是把它当成一种“纸”来看待,也可用作不可数名词,如:(www.hxen.net)

Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用张报纸包起来。

2. Her father works as a ______ in a hotel and her mother a ______ in a private company.

A. cooker, typewriter                                 B. cook, typist

C. cooker, typist                                        D. cook, typewriter

【陷阱】误选A,许多同学想当然地认为:cook 用作动词,表示“煮饭”,所以 cooker 应是其相应的名词,表示“煮饭的人”,即“厨师”;type 用作动词,表示“打字”,所以 typewriter 应表示“打字员”。

【分析】而事实是:cook=厨师,cooker=炊具;typist=打字员,typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为B。

3. “Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock?” “Because they were delayed by ________.”

A. heavy traffic                                              B. heavy traffics

C. crowded traffic                                     D. crowded traffics

【陷阱】B、C、D三项均容易误选。

【分析】对于此题,首先要明确traffic为不可数名词,没有复数形式,故排除B和D。另外,汉语习惯说“交通拥挤”,而英语习惯上却不能用crowded 来修饰 traffic,要表示汉语的“交通拥挤”,英语通常说heavy traffic,即选A。如下面一题也是选A:

She is not a competent driver and can’t cope with driving in _______.

A. heavy traffic                                              B. heavy traffics

C. crowded traffic                                     D. crowded traffics

4. In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem.

A. cattle is                                                B. cattle are

C. cattles are                                             D. the cattles are

【陷阱】此题容易误选A,想当然地认为cattle是单数,并且空格有表单数的one,自然谓语动词用is。

【陷阱】其实,正确答案为B。cattle(牲畜,牛)为集合名词,尽管它不带复数词尾-s,却永远表示复数意义,若用作主语,谓语要用复数。又如:

For this many cattle were killed. 为此宰了不少牲畜。

The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。

类似地,police(警察),people(人),police(警察),poultry(家禽)等也具有同样用法,即只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义;用作主语时谓语通常也用复数;不与 a(n) 连用,但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如:

The poultry have been fed. 家禽已经喂过饲料了。

In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英国警察通常不带枪。

It annoys me when people forget to say “thank you”. 遇到有人忘记道谢的时候,我就不痛快。

5. By all _______, you must try every _______ to help him.

A. mean, mean                                          B. means, means   

C. means, mean                                         D. mean, means

【陷阱】误选C,认为第一空前有all修饰,故用means,而第二空前有every修饰,故用mean。

【分析】其实,means是一个单复数同形的名词,并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说,在表示“方式”、“方法”时,不存在mean这一形式(mean主要用作动词,表示“意思是”;也可用作名词,表示“中间”、“中庸”)。此题正确答案为C,by all means为习语,意为“一定”、“尽一切办法”。顺便说一句,means用作主语时,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较:

All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都已经试过了。

Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都已经试过了。

若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数,其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如:

Is [Are] there any other means of getting more money? 还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗?