高中英语 语法陷阱题800例-名词

6. Jim is ______ person, and everyone is willing to be ______ with him.

A. so kind a, friends                                  B. so a kind, friends

C. so kind a, friend                                    D. so a kind, friend

【陷阱】误选C或D。认为 friend要用单数。

【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A。so kind a person相当于such a kind person，注意两者中冠词的位置不同。be friends with是习语，意为“与……友好”、“跟……做朋友”，与之同义的类似地还有make friends with。值得说明的是，这类短语中的名词总是用复数，即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如：

He is friends with me. 他与我是朋友。

He has made friends with everyone here. 他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。

7. We already have ______ pencils, but we need two ______ pens.

A. dozen of, dozen                                    B. dozens of, dozens

C. dozens of, dozen                                   D. dozens of, dozen of

【陷阱】误选 B。

【分析】此题最佳答案为C。关于dozen的复数是否加词尾-s的问题比较复杂，大致原则是：

(1) 当它与具体数字连用时，既不加复数词尾-s，也不后接介词of。尽管有的词书也有 two dozen of 这样的用例，但这已属过时用法，在考试中应避免，如1992年全国高考有一道单项选择题就认为two dozen of为错误选项：

Shortly after the accident, _____ police were sent to the spot to keep order.

A. dozens of                                             B. dozens       C. dozen of     D. dozen [D]

(2) 当它不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾-s，而且要后接介词 of，此时可将dozens of(许多，几十)视为习语。如：

I’ve been there dozens of times. 我去过那儿几十次。

She’s got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。

下面一例中的dozens加了复数词尾-s也属为似情况：

Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧。

(3) 当与 a few, several 等数目不很具体的词连用时，加不加复数词尾-s均可，但需注意：不加复数词尾-s时，其后的介词of可以省略；加词尾-s时，其后介词 of不能省略。如：

several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils几打铅笔

注：英语较少使用many dozen的说法，要表示类似意思可用dozens of。

(4) 当它后面的名词受 the, these, those 等特指限定词修饰时，或其后的接的是us, them这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词 of。如：

two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋

three dozen of them 它们中的3打

注：score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上类似用法。

8. She raised her finger to her lips as _____ for silence.

A. an idea                                                 B. a mark

C. a sign                                                   D. a word

【陷阱】容易误选B。

【分析】应选C，sign与mark的区别是：sign 的意思是“迹象”、“征兆”gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc(用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等)，mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication of sth(书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号)。根据此二词的语义区别以及常识可知答案为C。类似地，下面两题的答案也是C：

(1) Those black clouds are a sure _____ that it’s going to rain.

A. thing                                                   B. mark

C. sign                                                     D. one

(2) Just as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a ______ of good harvest next year.

A. mark                                                   B. track

C. sign                                                     D. appearance

但是，下面一题却不能选sign，也不能选mark，而选symbol(象征)：

The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _____ of courage and power.

A. example                                               B. sign

C. mark                                                    D. symbol

顺便说一句，在近几年的高考中像这类结合词义区别以及语境和生活常识进行考查的试题经常出现，同学们需引起注意。