中考英语语法完全突破——主谓一致
考点3 考查与there be句式中动词be的数
在there be句式中,动词be用单数还是复数,取决于其后名词是单数还是复数。注意,如果there be后面接有几个并列的主语,则通常与靠近的主语保持一致。如:
There are some girls in the room. 房间里有几个女孩。
There is a pen and some books on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
另外,注意不要混淆there be与have的区别:前者指某处存在有某人或某物,后者指拥有或具有某物。尤其要注意的是,不能将两者混在一起使用,如不能说there have。如:
沿着河岸都种有树。
误:There have trees all along the river banks.
正:There are trees all along the river banks.
但是,下面一句是正确的,因为其中的there have been为there be的现在完成时形式:
There have been many such accidents. 已发生了好几起那样的事故。(HM)
【考例1】There ________ many students in the library after school every day. (北京中考题)
A. has B. have C. is D. are
【分析】答案选D。由于many students(许多学生),表复数意义,故谓语动词用复数。注意不能选B,因为表示“有”的there be不能说成there have。
【考例2】Good news! There ________ fewer people catching this kind of illness now. (陕西绥德中考题)
A. are B. is C. was D. were
【分析】答案选B。由于people表示“人”“人们”时,永远表复数意义,故谓语动词用复数。
考点4 考查一段时间等作主语的情况
当用作主语的是“一段时间”“一段距离”“一笔钱”等时,通常将其视为“一个整体数量”,此时其后的谓语动词通常用单数。如:
Twenty years is a long time. 20年是很长的时间。
Ten dollars is all I have left. 我只剩下10美元。
A hundred miles is a long distance. 100英里是一段很长的距离。
【考例】Three hours ________ quite a long time for the students to play computer games every day.(兰州中考题)
A. is B. were C. was D. are
答案选A。时间名词做主语,通常将其视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;又根据后面的every day可知应用一般现在时,故选A。
考点5 考查特殊搭配作主语时动词的数
涉及主谓一致的特殊搭配比较多,在中考英语中主要应注意以下几个:
1. both…and…(……和……都):连接两个主语时,其后的谓语动词通常要用复数。如:
Both brother and sister are college students. 兄妹俩都是大学生。
Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris老板和他的秘书都正飞往巴黎。
2. not only…but also…(不仅……而且……):连接两个主语时,其后谓语动词的数与靠近的主语保持一致,也就是采用就近原则。如:
Not only you but also I am hungry. 不只你,我也饿了呢。
Not only you but also he has to attend the meeting. 不只是你,他也必须参加会议。
3. neither…nor…(……和……都):连接两个主语时,其后谓语动词的数与靠近的主语保持一致,也就是采用就近原则。如:
Neither he nor they are mistaken. 他和他们都没有错。
Neither the driver nor the passengers were hurt. 司机和乘客都没有受伤。
4. either…or…(……和……都):连接两个主语时,其后谓语动词的数与靠近的主语保持一致,也就是采用就近原则。如:
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错就是我错。
Either Tim or his brothers have to do the work. 不是蒂姆,就是他的兄弟们必须做这工作。
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