中考英语语法完全突破——定语从句
考点6 将定语从句与其他知识点综合考查
这类考题比较灵活,同学们做题时要注意联系相关知识点,进行综合分析,选出最佳答案。下面略举两列加以说明:
【考例1】—Is everything ________ we need to do ________?
—Yes. You needn’t worry about it. (辽宁锦州中考题)
A. which; has done B. which; doing C. that; has done D. that; done
【分析】答案选D。用于修饰everything的定语从句通常要用that,而不用which,故可排除A和B;又因为everything与do之间为被动关系,故用被动语态,即选D。
【考例2】—Do you know the boy ________ is sitting next to Peter?
—Yes. He is Peter’s friend. They are celebrating this ________ birthday. (广东深圳中考题)
A. who, ninth B. that, nineth C. /, nineth D. which, ninth
【分析】答案选A。由于先行词为指人的名词,所以引导定语从句的关系代词不能用which,故可排除D;又因为nine的序数词是ninth,而不是nineth,故可排除B和C。
三、易错陷阱
陷阱1 误认为关系代词that只用于指物
有的同学认为,关系代词只用于指物,不用于指人,这是误解。其实,作为关系代词的that,它既可以指人也可以指物,并且在指人时两者通常可以换用。如:
The man whom (=that) I saw told me to come here. 我见到的人让我到这里来。
但是,当先行词是一既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常要用that,不用who。如:
He made a speech on the men and things that he’d seen abroad. 他就在国外见到的人和事作了报告。
陷阱2 误认为关系代词whose只用于指人
用作关系代词的whose 与关系代词who(只用于指人,作主语)和whom(只用于指人,作宾语)不一样,它不仅可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中通常用作定语。如:
He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的人。
The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。
It was an island whose name I have forgotten. 这是一座岛,名字我忘了。
Can you see the mountain whose top is covered with snow? 你看得见山顶上覆盖着雪的那座山吗?
陷阱3 将what误用作关系代词来引导定语从句
what不是关系代词,不能用于引导定语从句。但是,what可以引导宾语从句,并且有时可以包含一个定语从句。如:
他把一切都给了我。
正:He gave me what he had.
正:He gave me everything that he had.
误:He gave me everything what he had.
这就是你要的东西。
正:This is what you want.
正:This is the thing that you want.
误:This is the thing what you want.
以上实例告诉我们,what 有时相当于“先行词+关系代词”,同时这也告诉我们,这样用的what前不能再有先行词(因为what不是关系代词,不能引导定语从句)。
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