中考英语语法完全突破——状语从旬
中考英语语法完全突破——状语从旬
一、概述
所谓状语从句,就是指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。根据其意义,状语从句可分为时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、地点状语从句等,但在初中英语中主要学习的是前面六种,尤其是最前面的四种。同学们学习状语从句时,主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别,以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。
二、考点归纳
考点1 考查时间状语从句的用法
时间状语从句就是指在主从复合句中用作时间状语的从句。引导时间状语从句的从属连词较多,如比较常见的有before, after, when, while, since, till, until, as soon as 等。如:
I was fat when I was a child. 小时候我很胖。
Turn the lights off before you leave. 离开前请关灯。
What things happened after we left? 我们离开后发生了什么事?
We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。
You must wait here until I come. 你必须在这里等到我来。
Phone me as soon as you hear some news. 你一听到什么消息,马上打电话给我。
另外,要注意not…until…(直到……才)这一固定搭配。如:
They didn’t start until the rain stopped. 直到雨停他们才出发。
He didn’t come until his wife left. 他妻子走了之后他才来。
【考例1】It’s quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the drivers ________ people get off the bus. (河南中考题)
A. after B. since C. until D. when
【分析】答案选D。句子的语境背景是:在英国,乘车人会向司机道谢。根据常识可知,应该是在下车离开时说“谢谢”,而不是在下车离开之后再说“谢谢”(排除A),也不是自下车后一直说“谢谢”(排除B),更不是在车上说“谢谢”说个不停,一直说到下车为止(排除C)。
【考例2】—Your French is so good. How long have you been in
—________ I was five. (江苏常州中考题)
A. Until B. Since C. When D. Before
【分析】答案选B。答句为省略句,补充完整为:I have been in France since I was five. Since的意思是“自……以来”。句意为:我从五岁开始就一直在法国。
【考例3】He will come here right away ________ he hears the news. (湖北恩施中考题)
A. so B. as soon as C. because D. though
【分析】答案选B。比较四个选项,只有as soon as填入句中意思最通顺,故选B。
考点2 考查条件状语从句的用法
英语中用于引导条件状语从句的从属连词不多,主要有if(如果)、unless(除非)、as long as(只要)、so long as(只要)等。如:
If anyone calls tell them I’m not at home. 有人来电话,就说我不在家。
He will do anything as long as it is interesting. 只要有趣,他什么都愿干。
I’ll remember that day as long as I live. 只要我活着,我就不会忘记那个日子。
You’ll fail in English unless you work harder. 你要是不再加把劲,英语就及不了及格。
除以上基本的引导条件状语从句的从属连词外,还有in case(万一)也可用作连词表示条件。如:
In case I’m late, start without me. 万一我迟到,就不等我了。
【考例1】You’d better look up the new word in a dictionary ________ you don’t know it. (甘肃兰州中考题)
A. if B. that C. though D. whether
【分析】答案选A。根据句意可知,空格后的句子表示条件,故用if来引导。句意为:如果你不认识一个生词,你最好到词典里去查它。又如:If you don’t be careful, you’ll break that vase. 如果你不小心,你会把那花瓶打碎。
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