中考英语语法完全突破——非谓语动词

考点9  考查不定式在特殊搭配中的用法

英语中有不少特殊结构要与不定式搭配，下面略举几例：

1. 在too…to do sth（太……以至于不能）结构中，动词习惯上要用不定式。如：

He is too old to do any work.. 他太老了，不能做工作了。

We are too tired to go any farther. 我们太累了，不能再往前走了。

He is too wise not see that. 他是那样聪明，不会看不到这一点。

2. 在enough to do sth（足够地……可以做某事）结构中，动词习惯上要用不定式。如：

He is old enough to go to school. 他够上学年龄了。

He is old enough to take care of himself. 他大了，能照顾自己了。

Is the river deep enough to swim in? 在这条河里游泳水够深吗?

3. 当序数词或受序数词修饰的名词后接动词作定语时，该动词习惯上要用不定式。如：

She was the first to arrive. 她是第一个到达的。

H is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来，最后一个走。

Who was the first person to climb Everest? 第一个登上埃佛勒斯峰的人是谁?

如果不是序数词，而是形容词last, next等，情况也一样。如：

Miss Green was the next person to arrive. 格林小姐是下一个到的人。

【考例1】—Do you know Neil Armstrong? (www.hxen.net)

—Yes, He is the first man ________ on the moon. (江苏南京中考题)

A. walk                  B. walks                 C. to walk              D. walked

【分析】答案选C。由于空格前的名词man受到序数词的修饰，所以空格处应填不定式。句意为：他是第一个在月球上行走的人。

【考例2】The woman was too excited ________ a word when shaking hands with Premier(总理) Wen. (湖南湘西中考题)

A. say                    B. to say                C. saying

【分析】答案选B。考查too…to do sth（太……以至于不能做某事）句式。又如：It’s too late to do anything about it now. 现在进行任何补救都为时太晚。

考点10  考查现在分词在特殊搭配中的用法

英语中有不少特殊结构要与现在分词搭配，下面为同学们归纳几例：

1. 用于find sb doing sth，表示发现某人在做某事。如：

He found her crying in the corner. 他发现她在角落里哭。

He found the lost child hiding in the cave. 他发现这个丢失的小孩躲在山洞里。

2. 用于catch sb doing sth，表示逮住（撞见）某人在做某事。如

The teacher caught the boy smoking. 老师撞见这个男孩在抽烟。

The teacher caught him sleeping in class. 老师发现他在上课时睡觉。

3. 用于keep sb doing sth，表示使某人不停地做某事。如：

He kept the fire burning. 他让火燃着。

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起让你等了。

4. 用于leave sb doing sth，表示让某人做某事或处于做某事的状态中。如：

His letter left me feeling pretty bad. 他的信让我感到很难受。

They walked off and left me sitting there all by myself. 他们走开了，让我孤零零一个人坐在那儿。

5. 用于be busy doing sth，表示忙于做某事。如：

She was busy preparing lessons. 她忙于备课。 (www.hxen.net)

Farmers were busy getting in the crops. 农民在忙着收庄稼。

有时可在busy后加上介词in，此时的现在分词则变成动名词。如：

6. 用于spend sth doing sth，表示花时间或金钱做某事。如：

He spent quite a lot of time doing that. 他花了不少时间做那事。

Mary spent the whole evening watching TV, and so did Jane. 玛丽整晚都在看电视，珍也一样。

有时可在现在分词前加上介词in，此时的现在分词则变成动名词。如：

He spent quite a lot of time in doing that. 他花了不少时间做那事。

7. 用于have difficulty doing sth，表示做某事有困难。如：

She might have difficulty in getting a job. 她找工作可能有困难。

I have difficulty in working out this problem. 我做出这道题来有困难。

有时可在现在分词前加上介词in，此时的现在分词则变成动名词。如：

I have great difficulty in doing the work. 做这工作我觉得很吃力。

8. 用于end up doing sth，表示以做某事而告终。如：

He didn’t want to end up going home alone. 他不想最后一个人回家。

At first he refused to admit his fault but ended up apologizing. 最初他拒绝承认他的错误，到头来还是道了歉。

【考例1】Peter is busy ________ at school, but he never forgets ________ exercise every day. (四川成都中考题)

A. working, doing      B. working, to do  C. at work, doing

【分析】答案选B。第一空填现在分词，be busy doing sth（忙于做某事）为固定搭配。又如：She was busy writing letters. 她正忙着写信。第二空填不定式，forget to do sth的意思是“忘记去做某事”。

【考例2】When we practice speaking English, we often end up ________ in Chinese. (辽宁锦州中考题)

A. to speak　　　  B. speaking　　  C. spoken　　　　　D. speak

【分析】答案选B。end up doing sth的意思是“以做某事而告终”，其中的现在分词不能换成其他的动词形式。