中考英语语法完全突破——非谓语动词
3. try:其后接不定式表示设法去做某事,接动名词表示做某事试试(看有何效果)。如:
I’ll try to be more careful next time. 下次我要更小心一些。
Try holding your breath to stop sneezing. 试着屏住呼吸以止住打喷嚏。
4. can’t help:其后接动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事,接不定式表示不能帮忙去做某事。如:
I can’t help to clean the place up. 我不能帮助打扫这地方。
He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。
5. stop:其后接动名词表示停止正在做的事情,接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另外一件事。如:
The bus stopped to take on more passengers. 公共汽车停下让乘客上车。
He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止讲话,房里一点声音也没有了。
【考例1】—I feel tired and sleepy. (ask.hxen.net)
—Why not stop ________? (湖北十堰中考题)
A. resting B. breaking C. to relax D. to work
【分析】答案选C。前文说“感到很累而且想睡觉”,说明对方会建议停下来休息一下,故选C。stop to relax的意思是“停下来放松一下”。
【考例2】—Don’t forget ________ my parents when you are in Beijing.
—OK! I won’t. (湖南长沙中考题)
A. to see B. sees C. seeing D. see
【分析】答案选A。根据答语中的OK! I won’t(好的,我不会忘记的)可知,前面一句空格处所提到的动作尚未发生,故填不定式。
考点5 考查疑问词接不定式
“疑问词+不定式”是英语中一个很有用的结构,它在句子主要用作宾语,有时也用作主语或表语。如:
We must think what to do. 我们必须考虑怎么办。
When to leave has not been decided. 何时离开还没有决定。
The question is how to find him. 问题是如何找到他。
注意,当“疑问词+不定式”中的疑问词是why时,其后的不定式不能带to。如:
Why not go there at once? 为什么不马上去那儿呢?
Why argue with her? 为什么要跟她争论呢?
【考例1】—Hi, Tom! Can you tell me when ________ for
—Yes, tomorrow afternoon. (广州中考题)
A. leaving B. leaves C. to leave D. are you leaving
【分析】答案选C。疑问词后接动词充分主语或宾语时,其中动词总是用不定式。如:Did they tell you when to start out? 他们告没告诉你什么时候出发?
【考例2】There are so many kinds of MP5 in the shop. We can’t decide ________. (辽宁锦州中考题)
A. what to buy B. to buy what C. which to buy D. to buy which
【分析】答案选C。首先应排除B和D,因为当疑问词与不定式搭配时,疑问词必须置于不定式之前;又因为前文中说there are so many kinds of MP5 in the shop(商店里有如此多种的MP5),由此可知是在特定范围中进行选择,故用which,不用what。
考点6 考查不定式省略to的用法
不定式省略to主要见于以下情况:
1. 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语时,不定式不能带to。如:
I will have her post the letter. 我要叫她去寄信。
Please let me know what happens. 请告诉我发生的事。
They made me repeat the whole story. 他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍。
但是,当使役动词用于被动语态时,要补上在主动语态中省略的to。如:
She must be made to comply with the rules. 必须让她遵守规则。
2. 当不定式用于感觉动词(如see, hear, watch, notice, feel等)后作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。如:
I heard him say so. 我听到他这样说。
I saw the train come into the station. 我看到火车进站了。
I watched her get into the car. 我看着她上了车。
但是,当它们用于被动语态时,则其后的不定式必须带to。如:
The woman was seen to enter a bank. 有人看见这个女人进了一家银行。
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