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中考英语语法完全突破——非谓语动词

2017-10-09来源:和谐英语

 

 

考点考查介词后接动词的用法

在通常情况下,在介词后接一个动词作宾语时,该动词要用动名词。如:

How about going for a walk? 出去散散步如何?

The Swiss are clever at making watches. 瑞士人善于制表。

Excuse me for coming back, Doctor. 医生,原谅我又回来了。

He left without paying his bill. 他没有付账就走了。

What did you do after leaving school? 离开学校之后你干什么了?

Before going out I phoned Betty. 出门之前我给贝蒂打了一个电话。

【考例】—How about ________ in the river with us?

—Sorry I can’t. My parents often tell me ________ that. (深圳中考题)

A. swim, don’t do                                B. swim, to do

C. swimming, not do                          D. swimming, not to do

【分析】答案选D。第一空应填动名词,因为空格前的about为介词,故可排除A和B;第二空应填not to do,因为tell所用的句型是tell sb to do sth和tell sb not to do sth。

考点考查习惯上后接不定式的动词用法

初中英语中习惯上只后接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的动词不多,主要的有有: agree(同意),ask(要求),decide(决定),expect(期待),help(帮助),hope(希望),manage(设法),offer(主动提出),plan(计划),prepare(准备),promise(答应),refuse(拒绝),want(想要),wish(希望)。如:

She agreed to wait for me. 她同意等我。

I didn’t expect to see you here. 没想到在这里碰到你。

I decided to ask for my money back. 我决定把我的钱要回来。

I hope to catch an early train. 我希望赶上早班火车。

Tom refused to lend her any more money. 汤姆拒绝再借钱给她。

I want to stay at home tonight. 今晚我想待在家里。

Can you help to carry this table upstairs? 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?

另外,动词live和love表示“喜欢”时,后接不定式或动名词均可,且意思相同,如:

I like watching [to watch] TV. 我喜欢看电视。

但是,当它们与would连用时,则只能后接不定式,不能接动名词。如:

I’d like to go with them. 我想同他们一起去。

He’d like to be a teacher. 他希望当教师。

【考例1The boy promised ________ late for school again.(江苏徐州中考题)

A. to not be          B. not to be           C. not being          D. being not

【分析】答案选A。表示答应做某事,promise后要接不定式,不能接动名词。又如:He promised to lend me some money. 他答应借给我一些钱。

【考例2—Shall we stay at home watching TV tonight?

—No, I’d like ________ and see the “Nest” Stadium(鸟巢运动场). (湖南娄底中考题)

A. to go                 B. go                      C. went                  D. going

【分析】答案选A。would like后接动词时只用不定式,不用动名词,更不能用动词原型或过去式。又如:I’d like to think it over. 我想好好考虑一下。

考点考查接不定式或动名词意思不同的动词

有些动词后接不定式或动名词均可,但是意思不同,主要有以下几类值得注意:

1. remember, forget, regret:remember(记得),forget(忘记),regret(后悔)后接不定式表示动作尚未发生,后接动名词(可用一般式或完成式)表示动作已经发生。比较:

Don’t forget to tell him the news. 别忘告诉他这消息。

I forgot telling her the news. 我忘了曾告诉过她这个消息。

Remember to turn out the lights before you go to bed. 临睡前别忘了关灯。

I remember reading about it in the papers. 我记得在报纸上看到过这事。

2. go on:其后接不定式表示接着做另一事,接动名词表示接着做同样的事或不停地做着同样的事。如:

They went on to talk about other matters. 他们接着又谈别的事情。

They went on talking about their own matters. 他们继续他们自己的事情。

注:go on后接的doing也可视为现在分词而非动名词。