中考英语语法完全突破——代词
考点5 考查不定式指两者还是指三者的用法
英语中有些不定代词只用于指两者,如both, either和neither;而有些不定代词则只用于指三者或多者,如all, any, none和every。这是中考英语经常涉及的一个考点。做题时,除要考虑两者或三者的区别外,还要注意分析句子语境,即要选出使句子意思最通顺、最符合逻辑的答案。
【考例1】—Which would you like to drink, coffee or orange juice?
—________. Please give me a cup of tea. (广州中考题)
A. Neither B. Both C. All D. None
【分析】答案选A。因供选择的东西只有coffee和orange juice两样,故不能选指三者的all(表肯定)和none(表否定),即排除C和D;再根据空格后的Please give me a cup of tea(请给我来杯茶)可知,说话者既不喝咖啡,也不喝橙汁,而是喝茶,这说明第一空只能填A(表否定),不能填B(表肯定)。
注意,each既可用于两者,也可用于三者或三者以上,而every只用于三者或三者以上,所以当用于两者时,只能用each,不能用every。
【考例2】Mum and Dad are ________ movie lovers. They have many hobbies in common. (山西中考题)
A. both B. either C. neither D. all
【分析】答案选A。由于父母只有两个,故不能选all;再根据后半句的They have many hobbies in common可知,父母两人有许多共同爱好,故空格处应填both。
【考例3】—What do you usually do in your spare time, playing the violin or the piano?
—I do ________ of them. I practice singing with some volunteers. (湖北宜昌中考题)
A. either B. both C. all D. neither
【分析】答案选D。问话者问对方是在业余时间是拉小提琴还是弹钢琴,但对方回答他(她)练习唱歌,说明他(她)既不拉小提琴也不弹钢琴,所以答案选neither。
考点6 考查复合不定代词的用法
复合不定代词指的是由some, any, every, no后接thing, one, body等构成的一类代词,它们包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中通常只用作主语、宾语或表语,不能直接用于名词前作定语。这类代词在用法上应注意以下几点:
1. 若受到形容词的修饰,注意将修饰它们形容词放在复合不定代词的后面,而不是放在它们的前面。如:
There’s nothing wrong with the machine. 机器没有毛病。
句中的wrong是修饰nothing的定语,但只能说成nothing wrong,不能说成wrong nothing。
2. anyone, everyone 等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one, every one (即分开写)。如:
any one of the boys (books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)
every one of the students (schools) 每一个学生(一所学校)
3. 要注意根据具体语境区分不同复合不定代词的意思,如要分清是指人还是指物,是肯定语境还是否定语境,要做题时不仅要注意选出“正确”答案,而且要选出“最佳”答案。
【考例1】When I returned to my hometown, I was nearly lost. Almost ________ had changed. (山东德州中考题)
A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
【分析】答案选D。根据前文的I was nearly lost(我差不多迷路了)可知,家乡变化很大,故空格处填everything比较合适。
【考例2】—How can I make friends in a new school?
—Say hello to ________ to you today, and you can have a friend tomorrow. (哈尔滨中考题)
A. new someone B. someone new
C. new anyone D. no one new(www.hxen.net)
【分析】答案选B。由于修饰复合不定代词的形容词总是要置于所修饰的代词之后,所以可排除B和C。根据句意,可知A比D更符合语境。
【考例3】—What did you buy for your daughter at the supermarket?
—I bought ________, because I couldn’t find ________ she likes. (湖北恩施)
A. something; anything B. anything; something
C. nothing; anything D. something; nothing
【分析】答案选C。根据句中的couldn’t find…she likes可知,说话者“没有找到女儿喜欢的……”,据此语境可确定:第一空填nothing,第二空填anything。
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