中考英语语法完全突破——代词
【考例1】—Shall we leave now?
—Don’t hurry. We still have ________ time left. (北京朝阳区)
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
【分析】答案选B。由于空格后的名词time为不可数名词,故不能选few或a few,因此可排除C和D;再根据句中的Don’t hurry(别急)可知,空格处应填表示肯定意义的a little。
【考例2】—Why does Kate look upset?(www.hxen.net)
—Perhaps she has made ________ mistakes in her homework. (湖北孝感)
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
【分析】答案选D。由于空格后所修饰的名词mistakes为复数可数名词,故不能选little和a little,所以首先排除A和B;再根据前文中的look upset(看上去不高兴)可知,空格处应填表示肯定意义的a few。
考点10 综合考查几个代词的用法
有的考题综合性较强,命题者可能会将两个或多个代词考点混在一起进行考查,此时同学们要学会充分利用句子语境,并结合代词用法的相关知识对试题的考点“各个突破”。
【考例1】An old friend of my sister’s always helps my brother and ________ with ________ English. (广州中考题)
A. I; our B. me; ourselves C. I; my D. me; our
【分析】答案选D。第一空应填宾格me,因为它是与my brother并列,用作动词help的宾语,故可排除A和C;而反身代词不能用于名词前作定语,所以可排除B。
【考例2】—Where is my pen? Have you seen ________?
—Oh, sorry. I have taken ________ by mistake. (山东烟台中考题)
A. it, yours B. them, his C. it, mine D. them, hers
【分析】答案选A。第一空填it,指代my pen;第二空填yours,相当于your pen。
【考例3】—Is this kite ________, Tom?
—Yes, it’s mine. It’s made by ________. (四川成都中考题)
A. yours, myself B. mine, myself C. ours, himself D. hers, herself
【分析】答案选A。根据答语Yes, it’s mine可知,第一空应填yours,否则意思不通;再根据句意,第二空应填myself,以保持与前面mine的意思相呼应。
三、易错陷阱
陷阱1 弄错人称代词的排列顺序
有两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时,一般是这样排序的:单数按2—3—1;复数按1—2—3。但在承认错误时,就将I放在最前面了。如:
You, he, and I are good friends. 你我他都是好朋友。
We, you and they have been there. 你们、我们和他们都去过那儿。
陷阱2 受汉语影响错用物主代词
如汉语说“我校”,说成英语应是my school,而不能是 I school;又如汉语说“他妈”,说成英语应是his mother,而不能是 he mother。
另外,有的同学受汉语影响,漏掉必用的物主代词,如汉语说“摇头”,说成英语应是shake one’s head,而不是shake head;汉语说“照看父母”,说成英语可以是look after one’s parents,但不能是look after parents。
陷阱3 混淆(a) few与(a) little的用法
(1) 他没什么驾驶经验。
误:He has few driving experience.
正:He has little driving experience.
析:few 只能用来说明可数名词,其后接的名词总是用复数。与之相比,little则用来说明不可数名词。
(2) 这次考试很难,没几个学生及格。
误:The exam is very difficult, and a few students passed.
正:The exam is very difficult, and few students passed.(www.hxen.net)
析:few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,含有否定意味; 而 a few 表示数量虽不多,但毕竟还有,含有肯定意味。
陷阱4 混用表示两者或三者的不定代词
他们有一对儿女,但一个都不对他们好。
误:They had a son and a daughter, but none of them was kind to them.
正:They had a son and a daughter, but neither of them was kind to them.
析:neither 和 none 的区别是:前者用于两者,后者用于三者。
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