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一种表达“条件与结果”的常用句式

2016-05-29来源:和谐英语

一种表达“条件与结果”的常用句式     

英语学习中,我们经常碰到这样一些句子:  

Think it over, and you will find the answer. 思考一下,你就会找到答案。  

Hurry up, or you’ll be late for class. 快一点,不然你会上课迟到。  

感觉Think it over和Hurry up两个祈使句,好像表示“条件”,后面的句子是“结果”。这是英语中十分常见的一种表达方式,相比条件句而言,显得更加简练和上口。这种句式可归纳为以下两种情况:  

一、祈使句(表示条件)+ and +主句(表示正面的结果)  

Work hard and you will make progress. 如果努力学习,你就会取得进步。  

Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他得寸进尺。  

二、祈使句(表示条件)+ or / or else / otherwise +主句(表示反面的结果)  

Get dressed quickly, or you’ll be late for Betty’s birthday party. 穿衣快一点,否则会耽误贝蒂的生日聚会的。  

Please call me up before you come, otherwise we might be out. 你来之前打个电话,否则,我们也许会在外面。  

有时祈使句可简化成一个名词性短语,短语中通常含有more, another, further, earlier等词。例如:  

A bit more effort and you will succeed. (=Make a bit more effort and you will succeed.)  

It is really very dangerous. One more step, and the baby will fall into the well.  

A few minutes earlier, and I could have seen the famous scientist.  

【注意】上述两种句式经常可以转化为条件句或者表示条件的分词短语:  

(1) 努力工作,你定会成功。  

Work hard and you will succeed.   

If you work hard, you will succeed.(注意没有and)  

Working hard, you will succeed.(注意没有and)  

(2) 快一点,不然你将错过最后班车。  

Hurry up, or you will miss the last bus.  

If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the last bus.(If条件句用否定,注意没有or)  

Unless you hurry up, you will miss the last bus.(Unless引导条件句,注意没有 or)  

近年来,在全国及各省市高考英语试题中,这种句式经常以不同的方式被考查。请留意下列高考试题所考查的不同侧面:  

1. Stand over there______ you’ll be able to see it better.(天津高考)  

A. or                  B. while               C. but                     D. and   

说明:考查连词and。  

2. _____ straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it.(湖北高考)  

A. Go                 B. Going               C. If you go            D. When going   

说明:考查动词原形go。  

3. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _____ advertisements showing happy families.(湖南高考)  

A. will often see      B. often see         C. are often seeing   D. have often seen  

说明:考查时态will。  

4. _____ some of this juice—perhaps you will like it.(京皖春招)  

A. Trying               B. Try                  C. To try                D. Have tried   

说明:破折号相当于and,仍是祈使句表条件。  

5. Follow your doctor’s advice, _____ your cough will get worse.(辽宁高考)  

A. or                       B. and                   C. then                    D. so    

说明:考查反面的结果,用连词or。