介词to与for引出间接宾语时所搭配的动词

介词to与for引出间接宾语时所搭配的动词

两者都可以引出间接宾语，但要根据不同的动词分别选用介词 to 或 for，具体应注意以下三种情况：

1. 在 give, pass, hand, lend, send, tell, bring, show, pay, read, return, write, offer, teach, throw 等之后接介词 to。如：

Please give me a dictionary. =Please give a dictionary to me. 请给我一本词典。

Please pass me the salt. =Please pass the salt to me. 请把盐递给我。

He handed her his drink. =He handed his drink to her. 他把他的饮料递给她。

Send him some.=Send some to him. 送一些给他。

Bring me a glass of water.=Bring a glass of water for me. 给我倒杯水来。

We have sent him a telegram.=We have sent a telegram to him. 我们已给他发了一份电报。

Please lend me this book for a week. = Please lend this book to me for a week. 请把这本书借给我一星期。

Throw me the ball.=Throw the ball to me. 把球扔给我。

Please show me your photo.=Please show your photo to me. 请给我看看你的照片。

Show her some kindness.=Show some kindness to her. 对她客气些。

I paid him the money.=I paid the money to him. 我将钱付给了他。

Please read me the letter.= Please read the letter to me. 请把信念给我听。

Please write me the result.=Please write the result to me. 请把结果写给我。

He wrote her some letters.=He wrote some letters to her. 他给她写了几封信。

He offered her his chair.=He offered his chair to her. 他把他的椅子给她坐。

He teaches the children maths.=He teach maths to the children. 他教孩子们学数学。

2. 在 buy, make, get, order, cook, sing, fetch, play, find, paint, choose, prepare, spare 等之后用介词 for 。如：

Will you get me a ticket?=Will you get a ticket for me? 你能为我弄张票吗?

My uncle bought me an English dictionary.=My uncle bought an English dictionary for me. 我叔叔为我买了本英语词典。

She cooked us some potatoes. =She cooked some potatoes for us. 她给我们煮了些土豆。

He sang us an English song.=He sang an English song for us. 他为我们唱了首英语歌。

Please find me the keys. = Please find the keys for me. 请帮我把钥匙找到。

Can you spare me a few minutes?=Can you spare a few minutes for me? 能耽搁你几分钟吗 (即你能为我抽出几分钟吗)?

Fetch me the dictionary.=Fetch the dictionary for me. 给我把那本字典拿来。

He chose me a nice present.=He chose a nice present for me. 他为我选了件漂亮的礼物。

Mother is preparing a meal for us.=Mother is preparing us a meal. 母亲在给我们准备饭菜。

3. 有的动词由于用法和含义不同，用介词 to 或 for 都是可能的。如：

do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb 帮某人的忙

do sb harm＝do harm to sb 对某人有害

在有的情况下，可能既不用for 也不用 to，而用其他的介词。如：

play sb a trick＝play a trick on sb 作弄某人

请比较：

play sb some folk songs＝play some folk songs for sb 给某人演奏民歌

有时同一个动词，由于用法不同，所搭配的介词也可能不同，如 leave sb sth 这一结构，若表示一般意义的为某人留下某物，则用介词 for 引出间接宾语，即说 leave sth for sb；若表示某人死后遗留下某物，则用介词 to 引出间接宾语，即说 leave sth to sb。如：

Would you like to leave him a message? / Would you like to leave a message for him? 你要不要给他留个话？

Her father left her a large fortune. / Her father left a large fortune to her. 她父亲死后给她留下了一大笔财产。