介词for用法完全归纳

介词for用法完全归纳 

用法1：(表目的)为了。如：

They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。

What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做？

That’s what we’re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。

What’s she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了？

He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。

【用法说明】在通常情况下，英语不用 for doing sth 来表示目的。如：

他去那儿看他叔叔。

误：He went there for seeing his uncle.

正：He went there to see his uncle.

但是，若一个动名词已名词化，则可与 for 连用表目的。如：

He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化)

注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，则其后可接动名词。(见下面的有关用法)

用法2：(表利益)为，为了。如：

What can I do for you? 你想要我什么？

We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。

Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西好吗？

Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。

【用法说明】(1) 有些后接双宾语的动词(如 buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，当双宾语易位时，通常用 for 来引出间接宾语，表示间接宾语为受益者。如：

She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。

He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。

注意，类似下面这样的句子必须用 for：

He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。

(2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思，在一些及物动词后误加介词 for：

他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。

误：They decided to advertise for their new product on TV.

正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV.

注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词，但含义不同：advertise sth＝为卖出某物而打广告；advertise for sth＝为寻找某物而打广告。如：advertise for a job=登广告求职。由于受汉语“为”的影响，而此处误加了介词 for。类似地，汉语中的“为人民服务”，说成英语是 serve the people，而不是 serve for the people，“为某人的死报仇”，说成英语是 avenge sb’s death，而不是 avenge for sb’s death，等等。

用法3：(表用途)用于，用来。如：

Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。

This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。

It’s a machine for slicing bread. 这是切面包的机器。

The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 医生给了她一些感冒药。

用法4：为得到，为拿到，为取得。如：

He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。

He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友请教。

She often asked her parents for money. 她经常向父母要钱。

We all hope for success. 我们都盼望成功。

Are you coming in for some tea? 你要不要进来喝点茶？