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介词for用法完全归纳

2016-09-17来源:和谐英语

 

 

用法8(表时间、距离、数量等)达,计。如:

I’m going away for a few days. 我要走开几天。

I’ve been here for ten years. 我来这儿有10年了。

He walked for ten miles. 他走了10英里路。

The shop sent me a bill for $50. 商店给我送来了一张50美元的账单。

【用法说明】for 用于表示时间或距离的长度(尤其是紧跟在动词之后)时,有时可省略。如:

The meeting lasted (for) three days. 会议持续了3天。

They walked (for) fifty miles. 他们走了50英里。

但是当 for 短语位于句首或在否定句中时, for 通常不宜省去。如:

For ten years he lived here. 他在这里住过10年。

We have not heard from him for a long time. 我们很久没收到他的来信了。

用法9对,对于。如:

Eggs are good for you. 鸡蛋对你有好处。

Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上看书对你的眼睛不好。

Fortunately for me, the train was also late. 我很走运,火车也晚点了。

【用法说明】关于 for 与 to 表示“对……来说”时的区别,参见 to。

用法10(表适合)适于,适合。如:

Do you have any books for children? 你有适合小孩子看的书吗?

He is the very person for the work. 他是最适合做这工作的人。

It’s a good place for a camp. 那是个露营的好地方。

She bought some clothes for winter. 她买了些冬天穿的衣服。

用法11(表交换)换,以……作交换。如:

He gave her some magazines for her dictionary. 他用几本杂志换她的字典。

She bought the skirt for $50. 她花了50美元买这条裙子。

I bought a pound of apples for 70 cents. 我花了七角钱买了一磅苹果。

Don’t translate word for word. 不要逐字硬译。

用法12作为,当作。如:

Don’t take him for a fool. 别把他当傻瓜。

He mistook a rope for a snake. 他把一条绳子误认为是蛇。

He knew that for a fact. 他知道那是事实。

The missing persons were given up for dead. 大家都认为那些失踪的人已死了。

【用法说明】用于此义时,有时相当于 as, to be, as being,但要注意不同句型的搭配习惯。如:

I took him for an honest man. / I took him to be honest. 我看他为人老实。

It was built for [as] a pleasure boat. 这船建作游艇之用。

比较:

He took her smile for agreement. 他把她的微笑视为同意。

Will you take me as your partner? 你把我看作你的合伙人好吗?

按传统语法,take…for… 通常指误认为是……,而 take…as [to be] 则主要指正确地认为是……。但在现代英语中,有时并未完全遵守此规则。

但是与 mistake 连用的则通常是 for 而不是 as。如:

We mistook the house for a hotel. 我们把那房子误以为旅馆。