非限制性定语从句的八类考点

非限制性定语从句的八类考点　　

考点一  考查非限制性定语从句的基本用法　　

非限制性定语从句的基本用法指的是定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，通常置于主句之后，但有时也置于主句中间或主句之前（仅限于as引导的定语从句）。如：　　

His best movie, which won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi. 他的最佳影片，就是荣获几项奖的那部，是关于甘地生平的。　　

The train, which takes only two hours to get there, is quicker than the bus, which takes three. 坐火车去那儿要比坐汽车快，坐火车只要2小时，而坐汽车要3小时。　　

Anyway, that evening, which I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. 不管怎样，那个晚上我最后待在了雷切尔那里，我以后会告诉你更多那晚的情况。　　

The house, which was completed in 1856, was famous for its huge marble staircase. 这座房子建于1856年，以巨大的大理石楼梯闻名。 　　

People threw coins onto the stage, as was the custom. 人们向舞台上扔钱币，这是他们的习俗。　　

【真题再现】（答案为CA）　　

1. It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all. (2012陕西卷)　　

A. that                     B. where                   C. which                   D. what　　

2. By 16:30, ______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. (2012江西卷)　　

A. which                   B. when                    C. what                    D. that　　

　 　

考点二  考查分离型非限制性定语从句　　

所谓分离型非限制性定语从句，指的是引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与它所引导的定语从句被其他一些词语（如插入语等）隔开，从而造成关系词与定语从句的分离。如：　　

Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him. 海伦对她的小儿子要比对其他的儿子好，这使得其他的儿子很嫉妒他。　　

The higher the interest rate, the greater the financial risk, which, of course, cuts both ways. 利率越高，金融风险就越大，这当然是个有利有弊的事。　　

There are those, you know, who, by circumstance, end up homeless. 您知道，会有那么一些人，因为命运捉弄而落得无家可归。　　

【真题再现】（答案为BB）　　

1. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ______, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. (2012浙江卷)　　

A. which                   B. who                     C. where                   D. whom　　

2. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______, of course, made all the others upset. (2011北京卷)　　

A. who                     B. which                   C. what                    D. that　　

　 　

考点三  考查具有同位关系的非限制性定语从句　　

所谓“同位型”，主要指“用作同位语的不定代词+of which”这类结构。其中用作同位语的不定代词主要包括all, any, each, both, either, neither, none等。如：　　

They produced two reports, neither of which contained any useful suggestions. 他们作了两个报告，都没有什么有用的建议。　　

The machines, each of which is perhaps five feet in diameter, are not the largest devices in the room. 这些机器每台直径大约5英尺，它们并不是这间屋里最大的设备。　　

He has a shelf full of things, each of which has associations for him. 他的一个搁架上摆满了东西，每一样都能勾起他许多回忆。　　

He devotes most of hid words to two topics: money and health, each of which he seemed to lack in equal measure. 他用大部分篇幅论述两个论题，即金钱和健康，而这两样他都同样缺乏。　　

【真题再现】（答案为CA）　　

1. Maria has written two novels, both of ______ have been made into television. (2012山东卷)　　

A. them                    B. that                     C. which                D. what　　

2. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ______ uses it somewhat differently. (2011浙江卷)　　

A. which                   B. what                     C. them                    D. those 　　

 

 

 

类型四  考查含有整体与部分关系的非限制性定语从句　　

所谓“部分型”，主要指“先行词这个整体中的一部分+of which / whom”这类结构（其中的of表示整体与部分的关系）。这类结构中的“部分”可以是基数词one, two, three, four等，可以是序数词the first, the second, the third等（包括the last），可以是分数词a third, two thirds等，可以是表示数量意义的不定代词some, many, half, most, several, a few 等，可以是比较级或最高级（如the bigger, the biggest等），等等。如：　　

There are two (bottles) left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。　　

I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。　　

There were a lot of computers at the exhibition, any (one) of which would have suited me perfectly. 展览会上有很多电脑，无论哪一种都会非常适合我用。　　

I was given three books on cooking, the first of which I really enjoyed. 有人给我三本关于烹饪的书，其中的第一本我特别喜欢。　　

注意，“表示整体中一部分的词语+of which / whom”有时也可说成“of which / whom +表示整体中一部分的词语”。如：　　

There were 500 passengers, 121 of whom drowned.=There were 500 passengers, of whom 121 drowned. 共有500位乘客，其中有121人被淹死了。　　

【真题再现】（答案为CA）　　

1. In our class there are 46 students, ______ half wear glasses. (2012四川卷)　　

A. in whom               B. in them                 C. of whom              D. of them　　

2. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ______ left their village homes for a better life in the city. (2010浙江卷)　　

A. whom                  B. which                   C. them                    D. those　　

　 　

类型五  考查含所有关系的非限制性定语从句　　

所谓“所有型”，主要指在“名词+of which / whom”这类结构中，介词of表示所有关系，如 the price of the vase，假若在出题语境中the vase用作了先行词，那么该结构就会变为the price of which。如：　　

In 1980 he caught a serious illness the effects of which he still suffers from. 1980年他患了到现在对他仍有影响的重病。　　

The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes. 该工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的原材料被节省下来用作其他用途。　　

【真题再现】（答案为CD）　　

1. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ______ had taken more than three years. (2011江西卷)　　

A. for which             B. with which            C. of which               D. to which　　

2. The newly built café, the walls of ______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (2010江苏卷)　　

A. that                      B. it                         C. what                    D. which　　

 

 

　 　

类型六  考查“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句　　

在“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句中，要特别注意正确选用其中的介词——这个介词既可能与先行词的搭配习惯有关，也可能与定语从句中的某个名词、动词或形容词等的搭配习惯有关。如：　　

The Tower of London, in which so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction.  在伦敦塔中曾有许多人丧命，它现在是旅游胜地。（注意搭配in the Tower of London）　　

Eric received training in computer for one year, after which he found a job in a big company. 埃里克接受了为期一年的计算机培训，这之后他在一家大公司里找到一份工作。（注意搭配after he received training in computer for one year）　　

The Acme Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened four new branches. 我们公司与之打了好几年交道的艾科米旅行社开设了四个新的分社。（注意搭配deal with the Acme Travel Agency）　　

【真题再现】（答案为BD）　　

1.100℃ is the temperature ______ which water will boil. (2012全国卷II)　　

A. for                      B. at                        C. on                       D. of　　

2. Care of the soul is a gradual process, ______ even the small details of life should be considered. (2012湖南卷)　　

A. what           B. in what         C. which          D. in which　　

　 　

类型七  考查关系代词作定语的非限制性定语从句　　

能用于名词前作定语的关系代词通常只有两个——whose和which。它们的区别是：which用作定语时，其意义相当于指示代词this或that；whose用作定语时，其意义相当于物主代词（one’s）或所有格结构（the…of…）。如：　　

The postman comes at 　6.30 in　 the morning, at which time I am usually fast asleep. 邮递员早晨6点30分来，这个时候我通常还睡着大觉呢。（at which time在此相当于and at that time）　　

He won’t want to eat it unless he’s really hungry, in which case he’ll eat almost anything. 除非很饿，否则他不会吃东西，一旦饿了，他几乎什么都吃。（in which case在此相当于and in that case）　　

Have you seen the film “Titanic”, whose leading actor is world famous? 你看过那部由世界著名演员主演的电影——泰坦尼克吗？（whose在此相当于and its）　　

I went to see my friends the Forrests, whose children I used to look after when they were small. 我去看我的朋友福里斯特一家，在他家的孩子很小的时候我曾经照料过他们。（whose在此相当于and their）　　

【真题再现】（答案为B）　　

I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this far. (2012天津卷)　　

A. who                    B. whose                   C. whom                  D. which　　

　 　

类型八  考查非限制性定语从句与特殊句式的结合　　

非限制性定语从句有时会与某些特殊句式或短语综合在一起构成一类比较复杂结构。如：　　

The shops were closed, which was why I didn’t get any milk. 商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。（非限制性定语从句与that’s why…句式综合）　　

each has faced similar hardships, which is why they are friends. 每个人都曾碰到相似的困难，这就是他们成为朋友的原因。 （非限制性定语从句与that’s why…句式综合）　　

We’ve been invited to Rachel and Jamie’s wedding—speaking of which, did you know that they’re moving to Ealing? 我们应邀参加了雷切尔和杰米的婚礼——说到这事，你知道他们要搬到伊令去吗？（非限制性定语从句与短语 speak of综合）　　

【真题再现】（答案为D）　　

I’m afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything. (2011山东卷)　　

A. that                      B. when                    C. where                   D. why　　

此题虽然命题者将空格留给了why，但另一种出题方式便是将空格留给which。

注：本文发表于《第二课堂》2013年第3期。