英语单项填空考点——形容词与副词

英语单项填空考点——形容词与副词

【考点归纳】考查形容词和副词主要考点有：

1. 形容词和副词的基本用法：在句中，形容词主要作定语、表语、补语；副词作状语。

2. 形容词和副词在句中的位置：(特别注意：(1) 形容词修饰不定代词要位于后面；(2) 副词enough修饰形容词或副词位于后面)。

3. 多个形容词的排序：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高低)、形状、年龄(新旧)的形容词+表颜色的形容词+表国籍或产地的形容词+表物质材料的形容词+表类别或用途的形容词+名词。

4. 形容词和副词的比较等级句型：(1) 相等：as+原级+as；(2) 不如：not as / so +原级+as；(3) 超越：比较级+than；(4) 最…：最高级+of / in..；(5) 比较级形式表最高级意义：比较级+than any(other)+单数名词，或否定谓语+比较级；(6) 越…就越…：the+比较级, the+比较级；(6) 两者中较…的那个：the+比较级(+of the two)；(8) 越来越…：比较级+and+比较级；(9) 和…一样不：no more than等。

5. 比较等级的修饰语：比较级前可用a bit, a little, rather, some, any表示“稍稍、一点”；用much, far, a great / good deal, a lot, a good bit等表示“…得多”(注意：(1) 在作定语的比较级形容词前一般只用far或much；(2) 在修饰或代替复数可数名词的more前不可用much，而要用many；(3) 除quite better外，quite, very, so等不可修饰比较级。)；用still, even, yet表示“更加”。表示确定程度的修饰语，如分数或有关长度、时间、重量等名词词组通常放在比较级前，也可由by引出而置于比较级之后。最高级前可用the very, the second, much the, (by) far the, not quite the等修饰。

6. 倍数的表达法：(1) 倍数+as…as…(2) 倍数+比较级+than…(3) 倍数+the size / length / width / height / age等名词+of…

7. 与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别：(1) 与形容词同形的副词通常表示具体情况，而-ly副词一般表示抽象概念，如high(高地) / highly(高度地，非常), wide(广阔) / widely(广泛地), close(接近地) / closely(仔细地、密切地), deep(深地) / deeply(深深地、非常)等(2) 修饰形容词或在动词前通常只用-ly副词(3) 有的意义相差很大，如hard / hardly, near / nearly, most / mostly, late / lately, fair / fairly等(4) 固定习语中用词不同如deep in thought(沉思), deep into the night(深夜), take it easy(别急), easy come, easy go(易得则易失), sound asleep(熟睡), wide open(完全开着), wide awake(完全醒了)等。

8. –ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别：-ed形容词表示“(某人)感到…”；-ing形容词表示“(某事物)令人…”。

9. 在语境中选择一个恰当的形容词或副词。

【命题热点】

1. 基本用法及其在句中的位置；

2. 比较等级及其修饰语；

3. 在特定语境中选择一个恰当的词语。

【应试策略】

1. 掌握比较级和最高级的表达方式，尤其是那些常见的句式结构要做到张口能诵的程度。

2. 做题时要结合语境，并注意习惯用法或固定搭配，认真辨析从而做出正确选择。

【真题精选】(按考点规律排列)

1. Can you believe that in ______ a rich country there should be ______ many poor people?

A. such; such     B. such, so       C. so; so        D. so; such

2. ______ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.

A. Brave enough students  B. Enough brave students

C. Students brave enough  D. Students enough brave

3. If I had ______, I’d visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places.

A. a long enough holiday       B. an enough long holiday   

      C. a holiday enough long       D. a long holiday enough

4.—How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

—It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ______ days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny  B. last few sunny 

C. last sunny few  D. few sunny last

5. It is generally believed that teaching is ______ it is a science.

A. an art much as           B. much an art as 

C. as an art much as            D. as much an art as

6. The director gave me a better offer than ______.

A. that of Dick’s  B. Dick’s    C. he gave Dick  D. those of Dick

7. Professor White has written some stories, but he is ______ known for his plays.

A. the best     B. more       C. better        D. the most

8. You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move______?

A. a bit far   B. a little farther  C. a bit of farther  D. a little far

9. We advertised for pupils last autumn, and got ______ 60.

A. more than   B. more of     C. as much as    D. so many as

10. Greenland, ______ island in the world, covers two million square kilometers.

A. it is the largest  B. that is the largest  C. is the largest  D. the largest

11.—Are you satisfied with her answer?     

—Not at all. It couldn’t have been ______.

A. worse      B. so bad      C. better         D. the worst

12. Boris has brains. I doubt whether anyone in the class has ______ IQ.

A. a high     B. a higher C. the higher     D. the highest

13. If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was ______ choice.

A. good       B. the best  C. better      D. the better

14. The house rent is expensive, I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying ______ here.

       A. as three times much B. as much three times

C. much as three times D. three times as much

15. Paper produced every year is ______ the world’s production of vehicles.

A. the three times weight of              B. three times the weight of

C. as three times as heavier as        D. three times as heavier as

16. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ______ to her mother.

A. close       B. closely      C. closed       D. closing

17.— I’m very ______ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.

— Mm, it does have a ______ smell.

A. pleasant; pleased  B. pleased; pleased 

C. pleasant; pleasant  D. pleased; pleasant

18. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _______.

A. badly        B. hardly        C. strongly       D. heavily

19. It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, ______ if you don’t speak the language.

A. extremely    B. naturally   C. basically    D. especially

20. Last night I had a terrible cold and ached all ______.

A. the way     B. over       C. at once       D. the worse

21. If you are ______ about Australia cities, just read the book written by Dr. Johnson.

A. interested    B. anxious       C. upset       D. curious

22. Wait till you are more ______. It’s better to be sure than sorry.

A. inspired     B. satisfied    C. calm          D. certain

23. A person’s ______ body temperature is about 37℃.

A. ordinary     B. normal      C. common       D. usual

24. Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea ______, neither of them could swim.

A. In fact     B. Luckily    C. Unfortunately  D. Naturally

25. All the people ______ at the party were his supporters.

A. present     B. thankful     C. interested     D. important

26. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he ______ passed the last exam.      

A. easily     B. hardly       C. actually     D. successfully

27. Their cheerful voice showed that they were having a ______ discussion.

A. noisy       B. serious     C. complete       D. friendly

28. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) ______ trick.

A. ordinary     B. easy         C. smart         D. simple

【真题详解】

1. B。such是形容词，后接名词，其结构是：such a / an +adj.+单数可数名词，such +adj.+不可数名词或复数可数名词；so是副词，后接形容词，其结构有：so+ adj.+ a / an +单数可数名词，so+ many / much (多) / little / few(少)+名词。

2. C。enough修饰形容词时要位于形容词之后，排除B和D。brave enough to…构成形容词短语，修饰students，形容词短语作定语位于名词之后。

3. A。考查enough修饰形容词的位置。

4. B。根据“限定词+形容词”的原则，排除C和D。又根据“序数词(包括last, past, next, another等)+基数词(包括few, several等)”的顺序排除A。若能记得课文中出现的in the last / past few years，那就更容易了。

5. D。as many / much +n. +as。2003年北京卷的第32题，就是模仿此题而出的，请看：Our neighbor has _____ours. A. as a big house as  B. as big a house as  C. the same big house as  D. a house the same big as(答案是B)。

6. C。注意比较对象的一致性，主任给我提供的条件比主任给Dick提供的条件好些。

7. C。他的plays与stories相比，plays更为出名。

8. B。句意为“你站得离镜头太近，可以离远一点吗？”因此用比较级；又a bit of后接名词，不修饰比较级。

9. A。more than后接数词意为“多于(=over)”。more than有时还有“不只是(=not only)”“非常、十分(=very, extremely)”之意。如She’s more than kind to us.(她对我们非常友好)

10. D。the largest island in the world是Greenland的同位语。若将答案B的that改为which也对。

11. A。否定谓语加比较级表示最高级含义，“不可能有比这更糟的答案了”。

12. B。这个班的任何一人与Boris相比，用比较级，排除A和D；比较级后有名词，要用冠词，不是特指不用the。

13. D。表示“(两者中)较…的那一个”时，用“the+比较级”。

14. D。“倍数(twice / three times / …)+as+原级+as”是倍数的表达方式之一。此处后面省略as I paid at home.

15. B。“倍数+the weight / size / width / length等+of”是倍数表达方式之一；若D中heavier改为heavy也对。

16. A。因感到很冷紧靠母亲站着，指实际距离近，用副词close；选项中还可以作副词的closely一般指抽象意义，如listen closely(仔细听)。

17. D。pleased一般指“(人)感到高兴”，pleasant一般是指“(事物)令人愉快的”。

18. D。表示大雨大雪，用heavily。另有breath / drink heavily呼吸困难 / 狂喝暴饮；heavy drinker / smoker酒鬼 / 烟鬼。

19. D。especially(特别是), extremely(极端地), naturally(自然地), basically(基本上)。

20. B。all over到处、浑身。

21. D。be curious about对…好奇 / 有兴趣，be interested in对…感兴趣，be anxious about担忧…，be upset about 对…心烦意乱。

22. D。sure暗示要选其同义词certain。句意为“等到更有把握，有把握总比后悔好。”

23. B。normal正常的、正规的；ordinary普通的；common共同的、常见的；usual平常的。

24. C。“两个人都不会游泳”这实属不幸(unfortunately)。

25. A。present出席的、在场的(与absent相对)。

26. B。second to none=the best比谁都好，首屈一指。由关键词but可知，选hardly=only just(刚刚)。

27. D。由关键词cheerful(欢乐的)可知，他们正在进行一次friendly(友好的)讨论。

28. D。由surprised可知那个“骗局、花招(trick)”是如此“简单(simple)”。