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fortunate与lucky的用法区别

2016-10-18来源:和谐英语

fortunatelucky的用法区别

两者均可表示“幸运的”,但 fortunate 比 lucky 更正式,多用于较重大的事情;而 lucky 则较口语化,多用于日常谈话中,且含有因侥幸或机缘而得到好运的意味。但若敝开此细微区别,两者在用法及句型搭配上有很多相似之处。具体应注意以下几点:

1. 以下几句均可说,且大致同义:

他很幸运有一位好妻子。

正:He is fortunate [lucky] in a good wife.

正:He is fortunate [lucky] in having a good wife.

正:He is fortunate [lucky] to have a good wife.

正:He is fortunate [lucky] enough to have a good wife.

正:It is fortunate [lucky] (for him) that he has a good wife.

但严格说来,以上结构有时有细微区别:后接不定式通常暗示主语的一种好运气,有时可能指一种侥幸;而后接 that 从句则通常指一件令人愉快的事情。比较:

He was lucky to pass the driving test. 他侥幸通过了驾驶考试 (暗示:He wasn’t really up to the standard)。

It’s lucky that he passed the driving test. 很幸运,他通过了驾驶考试(暗示:Now he can drive himself to the station, take the children to the seaside, etc)。

2. 在“某人+be fortunate [lucky]+不定式的一般式”中,若 be 为一般现在时 is, are 等,其后的不定式通常为静态动词。如:

He is fortunate to have a lot of friends there. 他很幸运在那儿有很多朋友。

You are lucky to be alive after the accident. 你大难不死真是幸运。

但是,若该结构中的动词 be 为过去式(was, were) 或其后不定式不是一般式而是进行式或完成式等,则该不定式无此用静态动词的限制。如:

You are lucky [fortunate] to be going by air. 你要坐飞机去,真是幸运。

He is lucky [fortunate] to have escaped being caught. 他没被抓住,真是幸运。

He was lucky [fortunate] to escape being caught. (同上)

但是一般不说:He is lucky [fortunate] to escape being caught.(www.hxen.net)