高考英语语法命题的若干规律
规律4 在特定语境中考查边缘知识
这里所说的边缘知识,指的是一般语法上涉及得较少,许多同学在复习中接触较少的知识点。这类考点有的虽然一般语法书讲得较少,但并不意味着它在英语中并不重要。如:
1. When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might have ______ for her, but now all her worries are gone. (2008湖北卷)
A. in need B. in time C. in preparation D. in store
【分析】D。in store for是习语,其意为“为……储备着”“等待着……”,如:The runner kept some energy in store for spurting at the end. 那名赛跑的人为最后的冲刺贮存精力。There’s a surprise in store for you. 你一定会大吃一惊的。
2. Elizabeth has already achieved success ______ her wildest dreams. (2008陕西卷)
A. at B. beyond C. within D. upon
【分析】B。beyond one’s wildest dreams为习语,其意为“远远超出想象或希望”,这可能是许多同学不太熟悉的一个用法,并且它在教材中也没有出现过。又如:The scheme succeeded beyond my wildest dreams. 这个计划超乎异常地成功了。
3. Engines are to machines _______ hearts are to animals. (2006山东卷)
A. as B. that C. what D. which
【分析】C。这是一个比较难的考题,就算是放到大学四、六级考试中也绝对算是难题,一般的英语语法书也绝对没有涉及此问题,就是连最新出版的《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》和《朗文当代高级英语辞典》的what词条下也找不到此用法。现分析如:what 在此用作连词,其意为“好比”“犹如”“就像”,用以引导相似状语从句。如:Air is to us what water is to fish. 我们离不开空气,就像鱼儿离不开水一样。Reading is to the mind what food is to the body. 读书与思想的关系就好比食物与健康的关系。
规律5 在复杂语境中考查简单知识
有的知识点本来很简单,如果是单独进行考查,一般学生都不会出错,但是如果将其置于一个较复杂的语境中,许多考生就可能受复杂句子结构的影响而选错。如:
1. —Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street? (2008辽宁卷)
—Victoria Street? ______ is where the Grand Theatre is.(www.hxen.net)
A. Such B. There C. That D. This
【分析】C。此题考查指示代词that的远指用法,这是同学们在初中就学过的知识了。但是,由于命题者将这个本来很简单的知识点放到了一个比较复杂的对话背景中,分散了同学们对被考查知识点的注意力,所以许多同学在做此题时选错了答案。请再看一个类似的例子:That day we visited an old house. That’s where he spent his last years. 那天我们去参观了一座老房子,那就是他去世前几年他住的地方。这类句式如果改用this,则表近指,如:This is where the river is deepest. 这是河流的最深处。This is where we change from car to bus. 这就是我们从小汽车换乘公共汽车的地方。
2. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ______ all day. (2008全国Ⅱ)
A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining
【分析】A。此题考查一般过去时的用法,但试题使用了虚拟语气作为命题背景,且该虚拟语气谈的是过去情况(根据句中的had been和could have had可知),句意为“要是(当时)天气好一点,我们就可以去野餐了”。该虚拟语气的言外之意是“(由于天气不好)我们没有去野餐”。为什么没去呢?but后说的就是其原因:整天都在下雨。这里说的“下雨”,显然指的是过去的情况,故用一般过去时。
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