2010年胡锦涛在G20第五次峰会上的讲话

第二，倡导开放贸易，推动协调发展。以各国资源禀赋为基础开展国际分工和自由贸易，体现了经济规律的客观要求，顺应了经济全球化深入发展的历史潮流。世界近现代史的发展历程表明，贸易越是自由，世界就越是发展；经济越是开放，发展就越是迅速。当前形势下，我们应该坚定不移推进自由贸易，坚定不移恪守历次峰会承诺，坚定不移反对各种形式的保护主义，取消已有的贸易保护措施。我们应该大幅减少各种贸易和投资壁垒，不断扩大共同利益，通过平等对话妥善处理摩擦和分歧，取消对高新技术产品出口的不合理限制，共同营造自由开放、公平公正的全球贸易环境；提倡协调，不搞对抗，加强对话，扩大合作，为世界经济增长营造良好环境，努力实现互利共赢。我们应该把贸易和发展有机结合起来，体现二十国集团以共同发展为导向、以共同繁荣为己任的全球经济治理精神。我们应该恪守承诺，按照维护多哈授权、锁定已有成果、以现有谈判案文为基础的原则，推动多哈回合谈判早日取得全面均衡的成果，实现发展回合目标，促进建立开放自由的全球贸易体制。

Second, champion open trade and promote coordinated development. To pursue international division of labor and free trade based on the resources endowment of individual countries reflects the law of economics and conforms to the historical trend of globalization. Modem world histoiy shows that freer trade brings greater development to the world and a more open economy leads to more rapid development. In the current situation, we must be firmly committed to free trade, to the consensus reached at previous G20 summits, and to the effort of opposing all forms of protectionism and removing existing trade protectionist measures. We should substantially reduce trade and investment barriers, broaden common interests, properly handle frictions and differences through dialogue on an equal footing, lift unreasonable restrictions on high-tech exports and jointly foster a free, open, equitable and just global trading environment. We should encourage coordination, refrain from confrontation and step up dialogue and cooperation so as to shape a favorable environment for global economic growth and win-win progress. We should coordinate trade and development strategies to reflect the G20 spirit of global economic governance for common development and shared prosperity. We should honor our commitments and work for comprehensive and balanced outcomes at the Doha Round negotiations in order to attain the goals of the development round at an early date and establish an open and free global trading system. To do this, we should uphold the mandate of the Doha Round, lock in previous achievements and work on the basis of the existing negotiating text.

第三，完善金融体系，推动稳定发展。今年，世界银行投票权和国际货币基金组织份额的两项改革都取得了进展，应该按照已确定的时间落实到位。国际金融机构改革是长期和动态的过程，份额和投票权改革只是一个起点，还有许多任务尚未完成。我们应该继续推动以公平择优为原则选择国际金融机构管理层，提高发展中国家中高层管理人员比例，填补发展中国家在国际企融机构制度框架中的管理缺口。我们应该推动国际货币基金组织加强资本流动监测预警，防止资金大进大出对单个经济体的破坏性冲击。加强国际金融监管应该着眼于平衡金融监管和金融创新、政府干预、市场调节的关系，致力于解决国际金融体系中存在的系统性、根源性问题，使金融体系依靠、服务、促进实体经济发展；坚持高标准、严要求，跟踪评估各成员执行新监管标准情况；加强对信用评级机构、影子银行体系和跨境资本流动的监管。我们应该完善国际货币体系，建立币值稳定、供应有序、总量可调的国际储备货币体系，主要储备货币发行经济体应该实施负责任的政策、保持汇率相对稳定，增强新兴市场国家和发展中国家应对金融风险能力，缓和并逐步解决造成外汇流动性风险的根本矛盾。

Third, reform the financial system and promote stable development. Both the World Bank voting power reform and the IMF quota reform have made progress this year, and what has been decided should be implemented within the agreed timeframe. The reform of international financial institutions (IFIs) is a long and dynamic process. Quota and voting power reforms are just a starting point and much remains to be done. We should continue to push for fair and merit-based selection of the management of international financial institutions, enable more people from developing countries to take up mid-level and senior management positions and redress the underrepresentation of developing countries at the management level in the institutional framework of IFIs. We should support the IMF in its effort to strengthen the monitoring and early warning of capital flows and prevent the destructive impact of large capital movement, both inward and outward, on individual economies. While tightening international financial supervision and regulation, we need to seek the right balance between financial regulation and innovation, and between government intervention and market forces, and address the systemic and fundamental problems in the international financial system so that the system will become one that relies on, serves and buttresses the development of the real economy. We should rigorously track and assess G20 members' compliance with the new regulatory standards. We should strengthen supervision and regulation over credit rating agencies, the shadow banking system and trans-border capital flows. We should improve the international monetary system and build an international reserve currency system with stable value, rule-based issuance and manageable supply. The major reserve currency issuing economies should adopt responsible policies, maintain relative stability of exchange rates and help enhance the resilience of emerging market economies and developing countries against financial risks, thus easing and gradually removing the fundamental problems behind foreign exchange liquidity risks.

第四，缩小发展差距，推动平衡发展。世界经济发展不平衡表现在方方面面，最突出的是南北发展严重失衡。深层原因是国际秩序不公正、制度不完善、机会不均等。从根本上说，没有广大发展中国家充分发展就谈不上世界真正发展，没有最不发达国家脱贫致富就谈不上世界持久繁荣。前不久，联合国成功召开千年发展目标高级别会议，各方承诺努力克服困难，全力推动实现千年发展目标。这是联合国的庄严承诺，也是二十国集团成员的共同责任。我们应该建立更平等、更均衡的新型全球发展伙伴关系，促进发达国家和发展中国家相互理解、相互协调，避免走相互指责、公开对立的老路；重视二十国集团宏观经济政策对发展中国家的外溢效应，着力推动南北合作，拓展利益交汇点，树立以发展促增长、以合作抗风险的新发展理念；提升发展问题在国际议程中的位置，从宏观和战略高度推动解决发展问题。我们应该支持联合国及其专门机构在国际发展合作中继续发挥重要作用，增强世界银行等国际机构发展职能，为国际发展合作提供坚实机制保障。我们应该倡导和推广新的发展方式，降低人为技术转让壁垒，为广大发展中国家早日实现绿色发展和可持续发展创造条件。我们应该共同推动坎昆气候变化大会继续坚持共同但有区别的责任原则，坚持“巴厘路线图”双轨谈判机制和授权，坚持减缓、适应、资金、技术并重，坚持公开透明、广泛参与、协商一致的谈判方式，注意倾听广大发展中国家呼声，在哥本哈根气候变化大会所取得成果基础上，在《哥本哈根协议》政治共识指导下，进一步取得积极成果。

Fourth, narrow the development gap and promote balanced development. Among the various imbalances in the world economy, the most prominent is the serious development imbalance between the North and the South. The underlying reason is that the international order is unfair, with institutional deficiencies and lack of equal access to opportunities. In the final analysis, without the full development of developing countries, there can be no genuine global development. And if the least developed countries remain in poverty, enduring global prosperity can only be empty talk. At the recent UN High-Level Plenary Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), all parties committed to overcome difficulties and do everything possible to achieve the MDGs. This represents the solemn commitment of the United Nations and the common responsibility of G20 members. We must endeavor to build a new and more equal and balanced global partnership and encourage developed and developing countries to have more mutual understanding and closer coordination rather than follow the old path of trading accusations and public confrontation. We should pay attention to the spillover effect of G20 macroeconomic policies on developing countries. We should make great efforts to promote North-South cooperation, expand common interests and embrace a new development concept that promotes growth through development and overcomes risks through cooperation. We should move development up on the international agenda and address the issue of development from a macro and strategic perspective. We should support the United Nations and its specialized agencies in continuing to play an important role in international development cooperation and strengthen the development function of the World Bank and other international institutions so as to provide strong institutional guarantee for international development cooperation. We should advocate new ways of development and reduce artificial barriers to technology transfer in order to create conditions for developing countries to achieve green and sustainable development at an early date. We should work together to ensure that the Cancun climate change conference will continue to follow the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and the dual-track negotiation mechanism and mandate of the Bali Roadmap. The Cancun conference should give equal importance to mitigation, adaptation, funding and technological support, adhere to the principle of openness, transparency, broad participation and consensus-building in conducting negotiations and pay more attention to the voice of developing countries. It should seek positive outcomes by building on the achievements of the Copenhagen conference and following the guidance of the political consensus embodied in the Copenhagen Accord.