李克强总理达沃斯座谈实录

2015年夏季达沃斯论坛9日至11日在大连举行，本届年会的主题为“描绘增长新蓝图”。9日下午，国务院总理李克强在大连国际会议中心会见来华出席论坛的世界经济论坛主席施瓦布及与会各界知名人士，并同他们座谈交流。实录如下：

李克强：尊敬的施瓦布主席，女士们、先生们，祝贺世界经济论坛新领军者年会在大连召开。这已经是第九届年会了，无论在前排还是后排都有很多熟悉的面孔、许多老朋友。因为场地有限，很难和大家一一握手问候。但是你们能来到这个论坛，说明你们对中国关心，也愿意参与中国的现代化建设。我很高兴和大家见面，因为每次参加这个年会总会得到一些新的信息，特别是这次的主题是“描绘增长新蓝图”，我也愿意就此同大家分享和交流。
Li Keqiang: Professor Schwab, ladies and gentlemen, let me first send my congratulations on the opening of the ninth Annual Meeting of the New Champions in Dalian. It's good to see so many familiar faces and old friends in the audience. As the placeis so packed today, it's difficult for me to walk into the audience and shake hands with each one of you. But I do appreciate the interest you have shown in China by coming to the meeting and your participation in China's modernization process. I am very happy to meet you here, because each time I come to the annual meeting, I get some new food for thought. The theme of the annual meeting this year –Charting a New Course for Growth–is highly relevant. I look forward to sharing my views and observations with you on this topic.

英国联合利华公司首席执行官保罗·伯尔曼：我们都很关注世界经济的发展，您在刚才的会见中谈到全球经济增长放缓，中国经济增长也出现放缓势头。您谈的几点很重要，使我们对中国经济未来发展的趋势继续保持乐观的态度。您谈到需要找到发展的新动能。我的问题，这种发展的新动能具体是什么？明年中国将担任20国集团轮值主席国，请问中国为20国集团峰会制定了什么议程？如何通过落实议程来实现全球更可持续的、公平的、长期的增长？
Pau Polman, CEO of Unilever: We are all following the world economy very closely. In our brief discussion just now, you mentioned the slowing down of global growth, including China itself. What you said is very important, making us optimistic in the future of the Chinese economy. You also mentioned the need to find new drivers for growth. What are the new drivers specifically? As China takes over the chairmanship of the G20 next year, what agenda have you set for the G20 summit? How could this agenda bring about more sustainable, equitable and longer-term growth?

李克强：国际金融危机爆发至今已经7年了，目前世界经济仍然增长乏力。中国经济也的确受到下行的压力。大家都很关心中国的经济形势，我认为，中国的经济形势可以说是“形有波动，势仍向好”。这是因为今年上半年中国经济增长7%，在世界主要经济体中居前列。
Li Keqiang: It has been seven years since the global financial crisis broke out. Global growth remains sluggish. It's true that the Chinese economy has come under downward pressure. I know that you all follow the Chinese economy very closely. The "shape" of the economy is that there have been some ups and downs, but the underlying trend remains positive. In the first half of this year, the Chinese economy expanded by 7%, which is one of the highest among the world's major economies.

我曾经说过，只要有比较充分的就业，与GDP同步增长的居民收入和不断改善的环境，这样的发展速度就是我们能够接受的。反过来讲，今年上半年城镇调查失业率在5.1%左右，新增城镇就业人数在700万以上，这也证明了中国经济运行保持在合理区间。
I have said on several occasions, a GDP growth that secures sufficient employment, increase in household income in step with GDP growth and improvement in the environment would be one that we can live with. In the first half of this year, surveyed urban unemployment rate was around 5.1%. And we added over 7 million urban jobs. All these show that the Chinese economy has been running within the proper range.

可以说，经济增长的新动能，就是我们在致力推动的大众创业、万众创新。通过推动商事制度等改革和“双创”，去年以来，我们平均每天新增市场主体一万家以上，而且经济结构也在发生着向好的变化。比如说，消费对经济增长的贡献率已达60%，服务业占GDP的比重已提高到50%，高技术产业增速超过1O%。这些新的变化是我们努力推动并乐于看到的。
Talking about new drivers of economic growth, we are encouraging mass entrepreneurship and innovation. Thanks to business registration reform and other reforms as well as mass entrepreneurship and innovation, over 10,000 new market entities are registered on an average daily basis since last year. There are also positive changes in the economic structure. For instance, consumption is contributing about 60% to China's economic growth. The service sector now accounts for almost 50% of GDP. Growth of high-tech industries is over 10%. All these are the changes we have been promoting, and we feel heartened by these developments.

当前中国经济运行可以说是缓中趋稳，一方面稳中向好，但另一方面稳中也有难。因为我们正在努力推进以结构性改革带动结构调整。在这个过程中，由于发展动能转换，一些经济指标在月度、季度间发生波动是难免的。不仅今年有，去年、前年也都有，但中国经济仍然处于合理区间。我们将坚持宏观政策的基本取向，继续下力气推动改革开放，推动结构调整。当然，我们也会加强区间调控、定向调控、相机调控，保持经济在合理区间平稳运行，为结构性改革和结构调整创造条件。
There has been overall stability in China's economic performance, despite certain moderation in speed. The overall trend is positive, yet there are also difficulties to overcome. We are pressing ahead with structural reform to advance structural adjustment. As the traditional growth drivers get replaced by new ones, it is only natural to see fluctuations in some of the economic indicators on a monthly or quarterly basis. This has happened this year, last year and the year before last as well. The economy is still running within the proper range. We will stick to the basic orientation of our macroeconomic policy. We will continue to advance reform and opening-up, and promote structural adjustment. We will also step up ranged-based, targeted and discretionary macro regulation to maintain steady economic growth within the proper range. All these will create enabling conditions for structural reform and adjustment.

我们不会随一些经济指标的短期波动而起舞，但也不会掉以轻心，而是适时适度预调微调，加大定向调控的力度。中国人民有智慧、中国政府有能力保持经济中高速增长、迈向中高端水平，对此我们是有信心的。说到G20会议明年在中国举行，它的议题正在讨论中，中国将会发挥建设性作用。
We will not be swayed by short-term fluctuations in certain economic indicators, but we will not take them lightly either. We are prepared to undertake preemptive adjustment and fine-tuning as appropriate, and step up targeted macro regulation. I am confident that the Chinese people have the wisdom and the Chinese government has the capability to maintain medium-high speed of growth and achieve medium-high level of development. The G20 summit is going to be held in China next year. The agenda is still being discussed among the parties. China will play a constructive role in this process.

谢谢。
Thank you.

施瓦布：总理先生，刚才您谈到中国经济形势，您的观点让我们对于中国经济的发展感到更加放心。下面我想把话题转向资本市场和金融风险，这也是近期国际媒体以及国际社会非常关注的一个问题。
Schwab: Mr. Premier, I think you gave us, as far as the economic situation is concerned, a reassuring message. But I would like to return to capital market and financial risks which have been very much on the mind of the media and the world recently.

日本三菱公司董事长小岛顺彦：总理先生您好，我想问的问题是有关金融风险的。三菱集团在世界90多个国家都有大量的业务，每天我们和金融打交道的数量也相当多。近期中国自身包括股市和债务可能存在的风险都引起全球高度关注。我想请问中国政府在推进金融改革方面将采取什么样的措施？有没有时间表？
Yorihiko Kojima, Chairman of Mitsubishi: My question is about financial risks. Our company has offices in 90 countries worldwide. China, including its stock market and debt, has attracted close global attention. What will the Chinese government do about the financial reform? This is very important for our company and customers. When will the reform measures be announced?

李克强：最近国际金融市场发生新的波动，这也是2008年国际金融危机的延续。中国资本市场，特别是股市在今年6、7月份也发生异常波动，有关方面采取措施稳定市场，是为了防止风险的蔓延。现在可以说防范住了可能发生的系统性金融风险。这样做不是要代替或削弱市场功能，这是国际通行的做法，也符合中国国情。下一步，我们会继续推进发展多层次资本市场，而且要坚持市场化和法治化的方向，努力培育公开透明、长期稳定健康发展的资本市场。
Li Keqiang: There have been new fluctuations on the global financial markets recently.They are a continuation of the 2008 global financial crisis. Last June and July, there were also unusual fluctuations on China's capital market. Relevant Chinese authorities took steps to stabilize the market to prevent any spread of risks. Now we can say that we have successfully forestalled potential systemic financial risks. This is not to replace or weaken the role of the market. What we did is common international practice and is in keeping with China's national conditions. Going forward, we will continue to develop a multi-tiered capital market in China and pursue a market-driven and law-based approach in this process. The purpose is to establish an open and transparent capital market of long-term, steady and healthy growth.

至于说到中国政府债务，风险是可控的，因为债务水平还比较低，中央政府的债务不到GDP的20%，地方政府债务中70%以上是投资性的、有回报的。何况我们现在还在规范地方债务的发行，开正门、堵后门。应该说，有人对中国政府债务可能引起大的风险的担忧是多虑了。当然，我不是否定你刚才对中国政府债务问题疑虑的提问。中国人的哲学观念也是对所有的事情都要居安思危。
On China's government debt, the risks are under control. China's government debt is still at quite a low level. The central government debt is below 20% of GDP, and over 70% of local government debts take the form of investment with returns. And we are taking steps to regulate issuance of local government bonds to keep the front door open and block back doors, so to speak. Those who are concerned that China's government debt may bring serious risks are worrying too much. Having said that, I don't mean to question if there is a need for you to raise this issue, because for the Chinese, our philosophy is that one should always be mindful of potential dangers even in times of peace.

关于金融体制改革，中国会继续推进，因为这也是中国维护金融稳定的需要，是中国对外开放的需要。譬如，最近我们在降息降准的过程中就放开了一年期以上存款利率的上限，我们还会放宽民营银行准入，包括外资有序地进入和中方的合作等等，这些措施都会陆续推出。总的来说，改革的方向不会变，改革的步伐不会停。当然，改革的步骤是循序渐进的。
We will press ahead with the financial reform. This is critical for China's financial stability and opening-up. For example, while the central bank cut interest rates and the required reserve ratio recently, we lifted restrictions on the interest rate ceiling for fixed term deposits above one year. We will ease market access for private banks, including orderly introduction of foreign investors into the financial sector and their partnerships with Chinese counterparts. China will not waver in its commitment to pursuing the reform, nor will the reform grind to a halt. But, the reform will be conducted in a step-by-step way.

谢谢。
Thank you.