2017考研英语长短句翻译练习（4）

1. They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support.

【分析】复合句。主句为 They gave justices permanent positions, so 引导目的状语从句，从句主干为they would be free...and have no need...。

【译文】他们给予法官们终身任期，以便法官们能自由地推翻当权者，且无需拉拢政治支持。

2. The justices must address doubts about the court's legitimacy by making themselves accountable to the code of conduct.

【分析】简单句。句子主干为 The justices must address doubts，介词短语 about the court's legitimacy 修饰 doubts， by making...作方式状语。

【译文】法官必须通过对行为准则负责来解除人们对于法院公正性的怀疑。

3. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry because they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.

【分析】复合句。句首 It 为形式主语，真正的主语为 that 引导的从句。从句由 but 连接的并列复合句构成，第一个分句包含 because 引导的原因状语从句，第二个分句包含 when 引导的时间状语从句。

【译文】19世纪末曾有人提到：人类不是因为悲伤而哭泣，而是因为流泪而悲伤。

4. Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changes subjects' behavior.

【分析】复合句。句子主干为 the studies ended up giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect"。the extremely influential idea...补充说明 Hawthorne effect，是其同位语，其中 idea 之后是 that 引导的同位语从句。同位语从句中，主句为 the very act，of being experimented upon 是其后置定语，谓语为 changes，宾语是 subjects' behavior。

【译文】然而，这些研究最终以被冠之为“霍桑效应”的概念而告终，这个极具影响力的概念认为，仅仅是接受实验这一行为就足以使受试者的表现发生改变。

【拓展】subject 作名词时，是“主题、学科、对象、主语”的意思，结合语境，本句中意为“接受实验对象，受试者”。作动词时，意为“使服从；使遭受”，常与 to 搭配。作形容词时，意为“受...支配的；易遭...的”。